Privacy of Electronic Medical Records

A service connect wellness care presidency with staff to patient ration of 1100 can be described as acutely understaffed. This is a scenario where nurses and doctors are wholeocated more patients than they can handle efficiently. It puts patients at a insecurity of getting worse medical examly or even dying.This is a status where drug errors, diagnosis and other medical errors are worryly to occur. collectable to nurse attrition they whitethorn express wrong findings and measurements be receive of pressure to strive certain goals within limited time. In most cases understaffed organizations brave lack of technological input where it is manifested by use of come forwarddated methods of.In a case where a hospital is understaffed, communication among doctors and other staff in such a hospital is poor thus leading to problems that arrive a ripple effect nature in the running of the institution. administrative functions are hampered because most of the duties have to be exe cuted manually.The grapheme of health care is very poor because every patient is non accustomed the proper personal attention that they require because other patients will be waiting for the doctor that is attending to him or her. Lack of accuracy in writing medical records is commonplace for such an institution because writing the nurture manually can make someone feel worn off at some point and result in erratic writing.Another cause for errors is the fact that some of the prescriptions or diagnoses are done in undecipherable handwriting giving a hard time to those who are supposed(a) to act on them.Patients mortality and morbidity rate is therefore postgraduate as a result. Due to the large number of patients that have to be attended to by one nurse, a problem of retrieval of medical development of the patients becomes a hectic task because files have to be searched manually.This puts patients who fatality urgent treatment at a risk because time may be lost in trying to allocate their personal teaching which normally has their medical history and forms the basis on which the physicians act. In humanitarian to this the files may be dilapidated because of wear and tear making the information blurred and illegible, and some of the materials could also get misplaced and scattered all over. All these problems summed up, lead to poor co-ordination in the hospital as puff up as inefficiencies in the administration.Information technology is indispensable in any health organization because according to Jack Duncan it facilitates health care that is of high quality and is cost effective.Through Electronic Medical Records, Once a patient visits the hospital they give their personal information and on diagnosis of their ailment, findings are record against the information as well as other details like prescriptions and orders to other health institutions. This technology ensures accuracy, precision and completeness. It is the same development that enable s the mental hospital of reminders and alerts for practitioners to administer drugs to patients thereby saving lives.Electronic Medical records are favourous in that with consent from patients, other health leadrs have access to their medical records. The advantage of having such a situation is that a patient is attended to in time since less time is used in finding out his or her medical history regardless of which health institution he or she has attended. Some patients call in hospital too tramp to talk or are even subconscious but at one time some basic information is known about them like their identification, the physician goes right ahead with treatment without having to interview them.Electronic medical records are unplowed by health organizations for reference and must be kept securely. It is a statutory requirement under state and federal laws for every health organization to keep them protected from access by unauthorized stack (Barrows, Randolph and Clayton, Paul. 1996).The security is for the protection of patients from victimization by employers because of certain health conditions or by their insurers. Disclosure of patients confidential information is capable of jeopardizing the integrity of the organization involved on account of defamation, medical malpractice and subjection of patients to emotional suffering (Bennett, Bob. 1995).A health care organization therefore has the legal obligation to provide security for any confidential medical information. Physicians are also not allowed to have access to a patients medical record without their consent. Electronic technology enhances efficiency in the storage of medical records as well as accessibility.

The Present Scenario of Smes in Bangladesh

Assignment On The mystify Scenario of SMEs in Bangladesh The Report Presented to the Faculty of Business Administration in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration Submitted To Dr. A K H Helaluz monkey pod variety Instructor Faculty of Business, ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) Course surname Entrepreneurship development Course Code MGT-321 Submitted By bring up ID partitioning Al-amin 101-12-0054 9B Md. Alauddin Al Mahdi 101-12-0064 9B Hyder Hossain 101-12-0062 9B Nilufa Yesmin 101-12-0067 9B Rashiduzzaman 093-12-0035 9B ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) Date 07 August 2012 Letter of Transmittal Date 07/08/2012 To Dr. A K H Helaluz Zaman Course instructor Faculty of Business, ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB) champaign Submission of the Group Assignment . Sir, It is our pleasure to submit the report on The Present Scenario of SMEs in Bangladesh as a part of our course Entrepreneurship study We project enjoyed preparing t his assignment which enriched our practical knowledge of the theoretical concept. We move to delibe enume local anaestheticize the practical effectal aspects of the organization which is complementary to the theoretical slightons.Should you need both further cultivation to evaluate the assignment, it would be our immense pleasure to bring home the bacon you the same. Sincerely Yours Name ID Section Signature Al-amin 101-12-0054 9B Md. Alauddin Al Mahdi 101-12-0064 9B Hyder Hossain 101-12-0062 9B Nilufa Yesmin 101-12-0067 9B Rashiduzzaman 093-12-0035 9B - - Acknowledgement Preparing this call paper on The Present Scenario of SMEs in Bangladesh was a wonderful stool a go at it for our. At fast we would homogeneous to thank almighty Allah to carry on our work.We would like to thank our faculty member, Dr. A K H Helaluz Zaman , course instructor, Faculty of Business ASA University Bangladesh for giving our this opportunity as advantageously as for his constant guidance and nutriment. Finally we would like to thank our family for mo give the sackary backing our courage to carry on our work. It was a practical welcome for us. executive Summary Bangladesh is s developing unsophisticated. Its per capita income is only $750 and per capita gross domestic product is $684 and cook gross domestic product festering rate is 6%. nearly of the people atomic number 18 aliveness in the be get-go of impoverishment line. Poverty as like as curse for our country.To c novelfish out impoverishment authorities and roughly other organization such as NGOs, depose has progress ton m all steps. Bangladesh authoritiesal relation has striken millenary victimization intents (MDGs) programs that first goals is eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. They excessively assume written Poverty Reduction Strategy paper (PRSP) to remove poverty. To accomplish the committed MDGs and PRSP, Bangladesh moldiness strive to expend manipulation worldly concer n opportunities in truth speedyly. For this governance activity save formed SMEs Foundation. SMEs center under surface and strength enterprises, it screw be intendd as enterprises which make water at approximately 250 employees and an course of instructionly upset non exceeding 50 one thousand trillion Euros.Further thither is the annotation of small(a) enterprise- they less than 50 staff members and less than 10 one thousand million Euros perturbation- and little- enterprises (less than 10 persons and 2 million Euros turnover). Different countries and organizations define SME unlikely. The government of Bangladesh has reason SME into deuce broad classes (a) manu incidenturing enterprise and (b) non manufacturing activities. Manufacturing enterprises can be sh ared into two categories (a) low-toned enterprise and (b) Medium enterprise. none-manufacturing activities withal can be carve up into two categories (a) undersized enterprise and (b) Medium enterpr ise. According to Bangladesh spot of Statistics different enterprises are defined as Micro industry that number of employees is 0-9, polished has 10-49 employees, Medium has 50-99 employees and Large above 99 employees. To complete this assignment we contribute collected data from the secondary source such as internet, books, daybook and so forth The objectives of the study are to respect the present situation of SME in Bangladesh, to identify the problems of SME in Bangladesh and recommend solutions to suppress the problems.Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), by producing marke accede surpluses of commodities together with local value sums and creation of employment opportunities, can collect significant theatrical role to the economy of Bangladesh. Although backing of SMEs in off-farm rural frugalal activities are blown-uply parasitic on equity backing from ad hominem and family savings, currently banks and fiscal first appearances are also coming forward to p ass on finance to this vault of heaven. As the large potential difference of employment generation by SMEs has attracted attention of the form _or_ system of government makers, a vomit of firsts for channeling impartwords to SMEs are being taken.The authorities has taken up programs to tender pecuniary assistance to expand SMEs finished commercial banks. Alongside the disbursement of imparts, since FY2004-05, Bangladesh believe has taken up a scheme of Tk. carbon crore for re funding the scheduled banks and pecuniary institutions as revolving line. Recently, the scheme has been widened with an intensify allocation of Tk. 600 crore. Up to June 2009, Tk. 716. 44 crore and up to December 2009 Tk. 853. 15 has been disbursed among 17 scheduled banks and 21fiscal institutions for refinancing potential entrepreneurs.In addition to this, IDA has digestd US$10 million and the brass of Bangladesh has provided Tk. 112. 32 crore through Enterprises crop and Bank Modernization Project (EGBMP). With the stipulated revolving fund of Tk. 224. 50 crore up to June 2009 and Tk. 244. 14 crore up to December 2009 refinancing facilities among 2541 potential entrepreneurs have been provided to 15 schedule banks and 14 financial institutions. Moreover, in an attempt to provide incentives to the orbit, ADB has been providing an additional US$30 million to Bangladesh Bank and Tk. 34. 94 up to December 2009 refinancing facilities among 3264 potential entrepreneurs have been provided to 9 schedule banks and 7 financial institutions. These resources would contribute both in employment generation as substantially as in enhancing the purchasing power of the poor. It is found that micro enterprises go past by up to 10 workers contribute the most which is 86% of the core contribution from SMEs to GDP of Bangladesh. It is also discover that micro enterprises run by more(prenominal) than 21 workers contribute about 7% of full(a) contribution from SME to GDP of Bangl adesh.It is smoothed from the table that manufacturing arena contributes the higher(prenominal)est contribution in GDP i. e. , 38%. It is also spy from the table that agriculture and whole deal and retail celestial sphere contribute more than 22 portion in the GDP of Bangladesh. We also show the harvesting pattern of SME. It is observed that during 2001-2002 to 2004-2005 in either financial year the emersion rate of SME is about 7%. In 2005-2006 the yield rate was 9. 21%. The highest gain was in 2006-2007 i. e. 10. 28%. Quantum Index of exertion for Medium to Large Scale Manufacturing Industries in 2009-10 is 431. 51.We also found virtually major problems these are Resource scarcity, High employee turnover, absence of modern technology, lamentable physical radix, Financial constraints, leave out of uniform description, lose of information, Lack of entrepreneurship skills, partnership of women entrepreneurs, Access to Market and inadequacy of awareness regarding the grandeur of marketplaceing tool, Bureaucracy, absence seizure of transparent legal system, Lack of commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction, Lack of quality pledge, Lack of research and discipline facilities, unruly competition with the cheaper outside(prenominal) goods.We also provide just about recommendation that mention in the recommendation chapter. At last we conclusion our assignment on the conclusion chapter. Small and strong point enterprises (SMEs) act as a vital player for the economic growth, poverty alleviation and rapid industrialization of the developing countries like Bangladesh. SMEs are significant in profound countrys economic growth, employment generation and accelerated industrialization. presidential term of Bangladesh has highlighted the importance of SME in the industrial Policy-2005.SME has place by the Ministry of Industries as a extort orbit. As the SME sector is labor intensive, it can create more employment opportunities. Fo r this reason government of Bangladesh has recognized SME as a poverty alleviation tool. SME also cling to the development of entrepreneurial skills and innovation. Along with poverty alleviation SME can sheer the urban migration and increased cash advert in rural areas. As a result it will arouse the standard of sprightliness in rural areas. Performance of SMEs in Bangladesh is significantly found below the direct of international standard.Although government of Bangladesh has taken somewhat initiative to chequer the growth of SME but those steps are not enough at all. Keywords SME, Finance, Employee, detonator stick outk of Contents Contents Pages Title Fly. 1 Title Page 2 Letter of Transmittal. . 3 Acknowledgement4 Executive Summary (5-7) dining table of Contents8 Chapter NameChapter 1 opening (9-15) Chapter 2 Methodology16 Chapter 3 Analysis and Interpret selective information. (17-27) Chapter 4 Findings and Results. (28-30) Chapter 5 Recommendations (31-32) Ch apter 6 Conclusion. .. 33 References34 Chapter 1 Introduction Bangladesh is a developing country. Its per capita income is very low and its $750 and per capita GDP is $684. Its present GDP is 6%. Bangladesh economic review, 2009-10) Most of the people are living in the below of poverty line. Poverty is the main problem of our country. To remove poverty government has taken many steps such as Millennium Develop Goals, writing Poverty Reduction Strategy wallpaper (PRSP) etc. To achieve the committed Millennium phylogeny Goals (MDGs) of 2015 or the take aims of the national Strategy for scotch harvesting, Poverty Reduction and Social Development, commonly cognize as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), the development parade of Bangladesh must strive to expand employment creation opportunities very rapidly.The MDGs reflect the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations during the UN Millennium gratuity in September 2000. Bangladesh has made note chargey progress in the development of MDGs during 1990-2000. Bangladesh advancement towards MDGs is evident in human development, for example attainment of sexual practice parity in primary and secondary school enrolment. Mid-way through to the 2015 target of MDGs attainment, Bangladesh has covered significant grounds and can safely be state to be on track in relation to most of the targets.A mid verge review of progress at the aggregate level shows that Bangladesh is making forward strides in reducing poverty, already bringing spile the poverty orifice ratio to 9 against 2015 target of 8 with the rate of poverty reducing being 1. 34 percent in relation to the required rate of 1. 23 percent. The main goals are as postdateing Goal 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Goal 2 fall upon Universal Primary Education Goal 3 Promote gender equity and Empower women Goal 4 Reduce Child mortality Goal 5 Improve Maternal health Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, mal aria and other diseasesGoal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development The cathode-ray oscilloscope of additional absorption of labor in agriculture being some limited, the best potential for this lies in the manufacturing sector. To create job home government founded SME Foundation that provide impart and help to established diminutive and medium enterprise. In the context of Bangladesh, the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) can be considered as a vital instrument for poverty alleviation and ensure the rapid industrialization.In this paper we have tried to identify the problems of SMEs of Bangladesh. The performance of SMEs of Bangladesh particularly in terms of employee turnover rate, quality assurance, allocation of funds, marketing activities have been found significantly below the international standard. The sector gets negligible agree from government. The rate of development of SME is not up to the expectat ion. In order to whelm the problems a few suggestions for the development of SMEs are given by us. 1. 1 Scope and Delimitation of the Study This steeric SMEs is a very definitive in the context of Bangladesh.It help us the gather practical experience and we are to know that the role of SMEs, Problems, prospective and their solution. But we have some limitation it is we are collected data from secondary source, basically internet using. We do not conduct face to face interview because, judgment of conviction was not enough for us to prepare this assignment. If we got enough time we venture it will be help to prepare our assignment. 1. 2 Objectives of the Study In this paper we have tried to identify the factors that influence the development and growth of the SME sector of Bangladesh. Thus the specific bjectives of the study are as follows * To appraise the present situation of SME in Bangladesh. * To identify the problems of SME in Bangladesh. * To recommend solutions to overco me the problems. 1. 3 SME Definition SME around the world According to the European substance (2003) SMEs are defined as enterprises which have at most 250 employees and an annual turnover not exceeding 50 million Euros. Further there is the distinction of small enterprises they have fewer than 50 staff members and less than 10 million Euros turnover and micro-enterprises (less than 10 persons and 2 million Euros turnover).According to the ball Bank (2006) medium enterprises are defined as enterprises which have at most 300 employees and an annual turnover not exceeding 15 million US dollars. Further there is the distinction of small enterprises they have fewer than 50 staff members and up to 3 million US dollars turnover and micro-enterprises have up to 10 persons and $100,000 turnover. In the UK, sections 382 and 465 of the Companies Act 2006 define a SME for the purpose of accounting requirements. According to this a small play along is one that has a turnover of not more than ? . 6 million, a balance sheet totality of not more than ? 2. 8 million and not more than 50 employees. A medium-sized company has a turnover of not more than ? 22. 8 million, a balance sheet total of not more than ? 11. 4 million and not more than 250 employees. It is worth noting that even within the UK this definition is not universally applied. In the USA, the definition of small channel is set by a government plane section called the Small Business Administration (SBA) size Standards Office.The SBA uses the term size standards to suggest the largest a concern can be in order to all the same be considered a small business enterprise, and therefore able to benefit from small business targeted funding. The concern cannot be dominant in its field, on a national terra firma. It must also be independently owned and operated. dissimilar the UK and the European Union which have simple definitions applied to all industries, the US has chosen to set size standards for each individual NAICS coded industry. This variation is intend to reflect industry differences in a better way. The ost common size standards are 500 employees for most manufacturing and mining industries 100 employees for wholesale backup industries $6 million of annual receipts for most retail and go industries $28. 5 million of annual receipts for most general & threatening construction industries $12 million of receipts for all special change contractors $0. 75 million of receipts for most agricultural industries. Breaking down the SME definition, Industry Canada defines a small business as one that has fewer than 100 employees (if the business is a goods-producing business) or fewer than 50 employees (if the business is a religious service- ground business).A firm that has more employees than these cut-offs but fewer than 500 employees is categorise as a medium-sized business. (www. about. com) In India the Small Scale Industries (SSIs) are industrial undertaking in which the dedicatement in fixed assets in whole kit and boodle and machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or by hire purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million. The Small Scale Service And Business (Industry related) Enterprises (SSSBEs) are industry related service and business enterprises with investment in fixed assets, excluding cut and building up to Ps. million. (Ministry of trade and Industry, government activity of India) According to the SME bank of Pakistan, SME means an entity, ideally not a public limited company, which does not employ more than 205 persons (if it is manufacturing concern) and 50 persons (if it is trading/service concern) and also fulfils the following criteria of either a and c and c or b and c as relevant (a) A trading/service concern with total assets at cost excluding attain and buildings up to Rs 50 million. b) A manufacturing concern with total assets at excluding land and buildings up to Rs 100 million. (c) Any concern (trading, service or manufacturing) with net sales not exceeding Rs 300 million as per modish financial statements. 1. 4 SME in Bangladesh Different countries and organizations define SME differently. The Government of Bangladesh has categorised SME into two broad classes 1. Manufacturing enterprise 2. no Manufacturing activitiesManufacturing enterprise Manufacturing enterprises can be divided into two categories 1. Small enterprise Small enterprise is an enterprise would be hard-boiled as small if, in current market prices, the backup man cost of plant, machinery and other parts/components, fixtures, nurture utility, and associated adept go by way of capitalized be (of turn-key consultancy services, for example), etc, excluding land and building, were to up to Tk. 15 million. 2.Medium enterprise Medium enterprise an enterprise would be treated as medium if, in current market prices, the replacement cost of plant, machinery and other parts/components, fixtures, support utility, and associated t echnical services by way of capitalized costs (of turn-key consultancy services, for example), etc, excluding land and building, were to up to Tk. 100 million. Non-manufacturing activities (such as trading or other services) Non-manufacturing activities can be divided into two categories 1.Small enterprise Small enterprise is an enterprise should be treated as small if it has less than 25 workers, in regular equivalents. 2. Medium enterprise Medium enterprise an enterprise should be treated as small if it has between 25 and 100 employees. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics different enterprises are defined as Name of Industry No. of employees Micro 0-9 Small 10-49 Medium 50-99 Large Above 99 The Ministry of Industries, Government of Bangladesh has been identified following 11 booster sectors 1.Electronics and electrical 2. Software-development 3. Light engineering and metal-working 4. Agro-processing/agro-business/plantation agriculture/ specialist farming/tissue-culture 5. Leather-making and leather goods 6. Knitwear and ready-made garments 7. Plastics and other synthetics 8. Healthcare & diagnostics 9. Educational services 10. Pharmaceuticals/cosmetics/toiletries 11. Fashion-rich personal effects, wear and drug addiction goods. 1. 5 Literature come offWith respect to the SME sector of Bangladesh, foreign and national experts undertook some studies. Some of the notable ones are Uddin (2008), Chowdhury (2007), Miah (2007), Ahmed (2006), MIDAS (2004), ICG (2003), Hallberg (2002). Uddin (2008) has stated that the economic efficiency and boilersuit performance of the SMEs especially in the developing countries are considerably dependent upon macroeconomic policy environment and specific promotion policies pursued for their benefit.Chowdhury (2007) highlighted that in context of Bangladesh SME is characterized by Low capitalization and limited assets, geo representical mixture and high mortality, poor character knowledge, very limited access to orc his source of credit, cash intensity in transactions, very limited phonograph record keeping habit, poor financial disclosure on account of revenue enhancement issues, high insecurity perception has led to high borrowing costs.In a study about SME sector of Bangladesh Miah (2007) stated that the major constraints for SMEs are lack of adequate investment, lack of modern technology, high rate of interest on bank loans, irregular/ unsatisfactory supply of power, poor physical al-Qaeda and high transportation cost, poor information about market opportunities and requirements, deficient availability of raw materials, lack of complete technicians and workers, lack of research & development facilities, fierce competition, absence of rough-and-ready and transparent legal system, difficulties in accessing technology, credit constraints, low access to business services, constraint of quality of human resources, low awareness, low lobbying capacity, rapid changes in policy environment. Ahmed (2006) observed that availability of finance is a major constraint to formation and growth of SMEs in Bangladesh.Banks are reluctant to expand their SME credit portfolio because they do not consider SME bestow an attractive and profitable undertaking. This is so because SMEs are regarded as high risk borrowers because of their low capitalization, insufficient assets and their inability to comply with collateral requirements of the banks. Administrative costs are also higher because close monitoring and supervision the SME operation becomes needed. A study (2004) by Micro Industries Development Assistance and operate (MIDAS) revealed that sources of finance are mostly friends and family member in case of SME. MIDAS tried to identify the sources of funds of SMEs. These are Table-1 Survey Result of MIDAS Source of gold Percentage of Finance Informal sector 41%Family members 20% (interest free) 4% (with interest) NGO 17% Bank 18% According to Hallberg (2002), a enduring macr o-economy, an open trade and investment regime, and a competitive financial sector are argued to be most essential ingredients for a vibrant clubby sector. But with a law and order situation below the optimal level, corruption well above the level of acceptation and unstable political situation, the domestic environment of Bangladesh does not come to any help, rather hinders the prosperity of SME in this country. Chapter 2 Methodology This is basically a library research. Most of the data have been collected from secondary sources.So the research work has been based on published information and data procurable in any form such as books, journals, magazines, newspapers etc. devoted to SME sector. Secondary information has been collected from Ministry of Industries, SME foundation, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, MIDAS, and Financial Institutions and from other SME related organizations. Relevant articles and belles-lettres in this context has also consulted. In this article we have canvass the data of last six years of SMEs of Bangladesh. We have tried to disassemble the performances of SMEs by applying simple statistical analysis i. e. , growth percentage, average etc. Chapter 3 Analysis and Interpret Data 3. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), by producing exportable surpluses of commodities together with local value additions and creation of employment opportunities, can make significant contribution to the economy of Bangladesh. Although financing of SMEs in off-farm rural economic activities are largely dependent on equity financing from personal and family savings, currently banks and financial institutions are also coming forward to provide finance to this sector. As the large potential of employment generation by SMEs has attracted attention of the policy makers, a range of initiatives for channeling loans to SMEs are being taken.The Government has taken up programs to provide financial assistance to expand SMEs through commercial banks. Alongside the disbursement of loans, since FY2004-05, Bangladesh Bank has taken up a scheme of Tk. 100 crore for refinancing the scheduled banks and financial institutions as revolving fund. Recently, the scheme has been widened with an enhanced allocation of Tk. 600 crore. Up to June 2009, Tk. 716. 44 crore and up to December 2009 Tk. 853. 15 has been disbursed among 17 scheduled banks and 21financial institutions for refinancing potential entrepreneurs. In addition to this, IDA has provided US$10 million and the Government of Bangladesh has provided Tk. 112. 32 crore through Enterprises Growth and Bank Modernization Project (EGBMP).With the stipulated revolving fund of Tk. 224. 50 crore up to June 2009 and Tk. 244. 14 crore up to December 2009 refinancing facilities among 2541 potential entrepreneurs have been provided to 15 schedule banks and 14 financial institutions. Moreover, in an attempt to provide incentives to the sector, ADB has been providi ng an additional US$30 million to Bangladesh Bank and Tk. 334. 94 up to December 2009 refinancing facilities among 3264 potential entrepreneurs have been provided to 9 schedule banks and 7 financial institutions. These resources would contribute both in employment generation as well as in enhancing the purchasing power of the poor.Detailed refinancing of Bangladesh Bank to various financial institutions and banks is shown at Table. Table-2 Summary information on SME refinancing (up to June 2009)* Refinancing Source measuring stick refinanced (in crore Taka) No. of Beneficiary Enterprises Working chapiter Mid Term Loan prospicient Term Loan thoroughgoing loan Industrial Loan mercantile Loan Service entire Bangladesh Bank 178. 48 336. 40 201. 56 716. 44 1724 4150 1127 7001 IDA 61. 51 96. 40 66. 59 224. 50 899 1220 358 2477 ADB 138. 68 112. 82 52. 75 304. 25 728 1864 331 2923 original 378. 68 545. 62 320. 90 1245. 20 3351 7234 1816 12401 (*Source Bangladesh frugal round 2008-0 , Chapter 8, Industry)Table-3 Summary Information on SME Refinancing from Bangladesh Bank (up to June 2009)* (*Source Bangladesh Economic look back 2009-2010) Table-4 Summary information on SME Refinancing from IDA (up to June 2009)* (*Source Bangladesh Bank & Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-2010) Table-5 Summary Information on SME Refinancing from ADB (up to June 2009)* *(Source Bangladesh Bank & Bangladesh Economic Review 2010) Table 8. 3 shows that up to June 2009, Bangladesh Bank and IDA have distributed Tk. 940. 94 crore as refinancing to 17 banks and 22 non-bank financial institutions. It may be mentioned that the fund has been disbursed (by the mentioned banks and financial institutions) to a total of 9478 SMEs front as loan. Out of the total loan, Tk. 239. 9 crore has been provided as working capital, Tk. 432. 79 crore as medium-term loan and Tk. 268. 15 crore as long-run loan. Table-6 Summary Information on SME refinancing (up to 31, manifest 2010)* RefinancingSource gist of Refinancing (In Tk. Crore) Number of financing enterprise ( sector wise) Working capital Mid term loan Long term loan Total loan Industrial loan Commercial loan Service Total 1. Bangladesh Bank Fund 224. 80 493. 79 235. 70 954. 28 2443 5844 1537 9824 2 IDA Fund 63. 71 100. 74 87. 26 251. 71 924 1258 402 2584 3 ADB Fund 144. 48 132. 27 58. 19 334. 94 800 2096 368 3264 Total 432. 99 726. 80 381. 15 1540. 8 4167 9198 2307 15672 *(Source Bangladesh Bank & Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-10, Chapter 8, Industry) Table-7 Summary information on SME Refinancing from Bangladesh Bank (up to June 2010)* Name of Banks/FIs Refinanced Amount of Refinancing (In Tk. Crore) No. of Beneficiary enterprises (Sector wise) Working capital Mid term loan Long term loan Total loan Industrial loan Commercial loan Service Total 1. Private banks(17) 201. 43 226. 43 65. 98 493. 84 1257 4469 562 6288 2 Financing Institutes (22) 23. 37 267. 35 169. 72 460. 45 1186 1375 975 3536 Total 224. 80 493. 79 235. 70 954. 8 2883 5844 1537 9824 *(Source Bangladesh Bank & Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-10, Chapter 8, Industry) Table-8 Summary information on SME Refinancing from IDA (Up to June 2010)* Name of Banks/FIs Refinanced Amount of Refinancing (In Tk. Crore) No. of Beneficiary enterprises (Sector wise) Working capital Mid term loan Long term loan Total loan Industrial loan Commercial loan Service Total 1. Private banks(15) 57. 48 67. 07 24. 73 149. 27 688 1167 79 1934 2 Financing Institutes (14) 6. 23 33. 67 62. 53 102. 44 236 91 323 650 Total 63. 71 100. 74 87. 26 251. 71 924 1258 402 2584 *(Source Bangladesh Bank & Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-10, Chapter 8, Industry) Table-9 Summary information on SME Refinancing from ADB (Up to June 2010)* Name of Banks/FIs Refinanced Amount of Refinancing (In Tk.Crore) No. of Beneficiary enterprises (Sector wise) Working capital Mid term loan Long term loan Total loan Industrial loan Commercial loan Service Total 1. Private ban ks(9) 144. 32 90. 95 34. 17 269. 44 657 1893 155 2705 2 Financing Institutes (7) 0. 16 41. 32 24. 02 65. 50 143 203 213 559 Total 144. 48 132. 27 58. 19 334. 94 800 2096 368 3268 *(Source Bangladesh Bank & Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-10, Chapter 8, Industry) Table 8. 3 shows that up to March 2010, Bangladesh Bank and IDA have distributed Tk. 1205. 99 crore as refinancing to 17 banks and 22 non-bank financial institutions.It may be mentioned that the fund has been disbursed (by the mentioned banks and financial institutions) to a total of 12408 SMEs earlier as loan. Out of the total loan, Tk. 272. 70 crore has been provided as working capital, Tk. 519. 79 crore as medium-term loan and Tk. 304. 80 crore as long-term loan. 3. 2 Present Scenario of SME In 2003 the International Consultancy Group (ICG) of the UK, in collaboration with the Micro Industries Development Assistance and Services (MIDAS), conducted the depicted object Private Sector Survey of Enterprises in Bangladesh. T he survey results drew the conclusion that there were approximately 6 million Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which included enterprises with p to 100 workers employing a total of 31 million people, equivalent to 40 per cent of the population of the country of age 15 years and above. The survey also found that the industrial structure of SMEs consisted of primarily wholesale and retail trade and repairs (40 per cent), yield and sale of agricultural goods (22 percent), services (15 percent), and manufacturing only (14 per cent). Thus the survey brought out the fact that the large untapped potential for expansion in manufacture and production could be exploited (or contributing more significantly to the national economy. another(prenominal) vital findings of the survey under discussion was that SMEs contributed BDT 741 ($ 12. 5) billion i. e. early 25 per cent of the GDP (BDT 2,996 billion) in 2003. It is reflected from this survey that enterprises employing 2-5 workers contribut e 51 percent share of the total SME contribution to the economy, followed by 26 percent by those having only one worker and 10 per cent by those having 6-10 workers. For LDCs like Bangladesh, SMEs are a highly cost-effective route for industrial development. It is observed from Table-1 that micro enterprises run by up to 10 workers contribute the most which is 86% of the total contribution from SMEs to GDP of Bangladesh. It is also observed that micro enterprises run by more than 21 workers contribute about 7% of total contribution from SME to GDP of Bangladesh.Table-10 Sectors wise contribution of SME in GDP of Bangladesh (Taka)* Sectors Total contribution to GDP (Taka) Percent of total Contribution tillage 177,729,637,637 24% Fishing 32,872,674,464 4% Manufacturing 282,344,700,575 38% Construction 7,196,460,200 1% sweeping and Retail trade and Repairs 171,335,861,390 23% Hotels and restaurants 28,599,263,975 3% Transport, Storage and chat 8,950,171,356 1% Real state, Renting and Business activities 13,771,436,794 2% Education 151,808,506 1% Health and Social work 2,743,049,893 1% Others Service activities 15,632,094,785 2% Total 741,327,159,609 100% (Source ICG/MIDAS Survey, 2004) Figure-1 Sector wise contribution of SME in GDP of Bangladesh Table & graph 2 provides the information regarding sector wise contribution of SMEs to GDP. It is reflected from the table that manufacturing sector contributes the highest contribution in GDP i. e. , 38%. It is also observed from the table that agriculture and wholesale and retail sector contribute more than 22 percent in the GDP of Bangladesh. Table-11 Growth pattern of SME* yr Growth rate of Large & Medium enterprise Growth rate of Small enterprise 1999-00 4. 35% 5. 80% 2000-01 6. 55% 7. 02% 2001-02 4. 60% 7. 69% 2002-03 6. 56% 7. 21% 003-04 6. 95% 7. 45% 2004-05 8. 30% 7. 93% 2005-06 11. 41% 9. 21% 2006-07 9. 74% 9. 69% 2007-08 7. 26% 7. 10% 2008-09 6. 58% 6. 90% 2009-10 5. 64% 6. 61% *(Source Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-2010, Chapter -8, Industry) Figure-2 Growth rate of SMEs Table 3 shows the growth pattern of SME. It is observed that during 2001-2002 to 2004-2005 in every financial year the growth rate of SME is about 7%. In 2005-2006 the growth rate was 9. 21%. The highest growth was in 2006-2007 i. e. 10. 28%. Table-12 Growth pattern of Manufacturing Sector * Year Growth percentage of Manufacturing Sector 1999-00 4. 76% 2000-01 6. 68 001-02 5. 48 2002-03 6. 75 2003-04 7. 10 2004-05 8. 19 2005-06 10. 77 2006-07 9. 72 2007-08 7. 21 2008-09 6. 68 2009-10 5. 92 *(Source Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-2010, Chapter -8, Industry) Figure-3 Growth rate of Manufacturing Sector Table shows the growth pattern of manufacturing sector. It is observed that the average growth during 1972 to 2005 was 6. 4%. During 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 the highest growth was in year 2006-07 i. e. , 11. 19%. It is also observed that during 2002-2003 to 2005-2006 in every financial year the growth of manufacturing sector was more than 6%. Table-13 Size and Growth Rate of Manufacturing Sector* At constant prices of 1995-96) (Taka in Core) Year Large & Medium enterprise Small enterprise Total manufacturing 1999-00 21709 8659 30368 2000-01 23130 9267 32398 2001-02 24194 9980 34174 2002-03 25781 10700 36481 2003-08 27572 11897 39069 2004-05 29861 12409 42269 2005-06 33268 13552 46820 2006-07 36507 14865 51372 2007-08 39157 15920 55077 2008-09 41735 17019 58754 2009-10 44087 18144 62232 *(Source Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-2010, Chapter -8, Industry) Table-14 Quantum Index of Production for Medium to Large Scale Manufacturing Industries* FY2000-01 to FY2008-09 (1988-89=100)Medium to large scale industries 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (Up to October, 09) 228. 43 238. 75 254. 45 272. 13 294. 72 328. 35 360. 33 384. 82 413. 42 431. 51 *(Source Bangladesh Economic Review 2009-2010, Chapter -8, Industry) Chapter 4 Findings and Results At present SME sector is facing a lot of problems in Bangladesh. Some major problems are as follows 1. Resource scarcity In Bangladesh scarcity of raw materials hinder the ability of SME to be export oriented and limits its ability to reach more advanced stages of international business. 2. High employee turnover Due to limited growth of SME most of the skilled employees leave SMEs.Levy (2003) observed that SMEs are knowledge creators but poor at knowledge retention. 3. Absence of modern technology One of the main barriers for the development of SME in Bangladesh is inadequate technologies. Many SMEs have failed to adopt modern technology. 4. Poor physical stem Inadequate supply of necessary utilities like electricity, water, roads and highways hinder the growth of SME sector. Moreover unfavorable geographical conditions increase the transportation cost. 5. Financial constraints approachability of finance hinders the growth of SMEs in Bangladesh. Bangladeshi bank considers SMEs as high risk borrowers because of their inability to comply with the banks collateral requirements.Only about 15-20% of the owners of SMEs own any immovable property. Bankers issue loan on the basis of ownership of immovable property as collateral risk. As a result it automatically excludes rest 80% SMEs from the list of intimate clients of the banks. Whatever collateral SMEs can manage gets used up in talking the term loan leaving them with no means to seek working capital loans from banks. Because of low access to institutional financing SMEs rely on inefficient financing services from open sources. 6. Lack of uniform definition In Bangladesh the definition of SME has changed overtime in different industrial policy announced by the government in different year.Absence of uniform definition makes the formulation and implementation of SME policy difficult. 7. Lack of information Miah (2006) has observed that SMEs have very limited use of information technology (IT). Accounting package is used by 1-2% of the SMEs. The use of computers is revealed by secern 15% of the SMEs, while the use of the Internet for business purposes applies to say 8-10% of SMEs. 8. Lack of entrepreneurship skills Conservative attitude towards risk, lack of vision, ability to make plan and implementing those hinder the growth of SME in Bangladesh. 9. Participation of women entrepreneurs Equality of opportunity is a major problem for SME. Female entrepreneurs are treated discriminately.They are not well represented in business organization. Government does not provide adequate institutional assistance for women entrepreneurs. 10. Access to Market and lack of awareness regarding the importance of marketing tool For SME, owing a retail space is very expensive in the major cities in Bangladesh. As a result many customers are not interested to buy products and services from SMEs. Because they cant judge the quality until they physically examined the product. Most of the cases SMEs in Bangladesh are not able to use the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) tools. But these tools play the role of important stimulus to motivate the customers and guard them.The country does not have enough marketing capability and resources to invest in marketing. 11. Bureaucracy Wang (1995) observed that the inadequate government supports are top ranking constraints for SMEs. Unnecessary layers of Bureaucracy and red-taps humiliate the competitiveness of SME and raising the cost of transactions and operations. 12. Absence of transparent legal system The absence of an effective and transparent legal system discourages SMEs in exploring into risky ventures of business. There are a number of unnecessary formal requirements to start and run business that create high compliance costs and become barriers to SME development, growth and market entry. 13.Lack of commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction Ernesto (2005) stated that to keep in pace with international competition, firms of all size are challenged to improve and inaugurate their products processes constantly. But in Bangladesh SMEs are still not relating the importance of straightforward and retaining customers by offering novel and desired benefits. 14. Lack of quality assurance Govt. has failed to frame a national quality policy, provide adequate support systems and establish a national quality enfranchisement dictum. As a consequence SME of Bangladesh has failed to ensure the quality of their products and services both in local and international market. 15. Lack of research and development facilities It is observed that investment in R&D is still negligible in. 16.Fierce competition with the cheaper foreign goods Fierce competition with the cheaper goods of China, Taiwan, Korea, India, and Thailand also pose threat to SME in Bangladesh. Chapter 5 Recommendations In order to overcome the above mentioned problems the following suggestions are recommended 1. Government must have to take adequate measures t o ensure the uninterrupted supply of raw materials for SME. 2. Government needs to take subdue measures to fix the minimum net income/wages of the employees of SME. That will help to minimize the employee turnover. 3. Government and financial institution may provide adequate finance for modernization and technological advancement. 4.Development of infrastructure is essential for the optimum growth of SME. So government of Bangladesh needs to take appropriate policy strategy for the infrastructure development of Bangladesh. 5. Government, financial institutions and Non Government Organizations (NGOs) may take necessary steps to ensure uninterrupted financial support to the prospective SMEs in Bangladesh. 6. Due to the absence of uniform definition the policy formulation and implementations are not possible. Government should take initiative to develop a uniform definition of each category of SMEs. 7. Govt. of Bangladesh should take the initiative to develop web pages exclusively fo r SME and an integrated SME database.It will reduce the barriers to SME access to global market. 8. In order to ensure the retention of skilled workforce the government should make the entrepreneurial career attractive by minimizing the uncertainty. 9. In order to encourage women entrepreneurship govt. may involve women entrepreneurs in policy formulation and implementation. Arrange funds for women entrepreneurs. Provide necessary training to women entrepreneurs in rural and urban area of Bangladesh. 10. SME foundation may take appropriate marketing tools to popularize their products. 11. For minimizing red tapes and accelerating the growth of SME government may provide one roof service under the SME foundation. 12.Appropriate legal framework is necessary to ensure the development of SME of Bangladesh. 13. In this era of intense competition never-ending planning and quality improvement act as a prerequisite for the survival of SMEs. In order to improve the quality SMEs can follow the Just in Time (JIT) philosophy and use Total shade Management (TQM) and can ensure the improvement of quality and productivity at a time. 14. Government should establish a credible certification part especially for SMEs. So that this sector can obtain a technical evaluation of the quality of their products within a shortest possible time. The certification of the authority should be world wide accepted. Govt. ay also provide assistance to SMEs during the certification process and promote the importance of product certification for international acceptance among the SMEs. 15. Research and Development (R&D) is must for the development and growth of SME. So government must have to invest in R&D for ensuring the intensification of SME of Bangladesh. 16. barrier may be imposed on import of SMEs products which are available in Bangladesh. Chapter 6 Conclusion Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) act as a vital player for the economic growth, poverty alleviation and rapid industrializ ation of the developing countries like Bangladesh. SMEs are significant in underlying countrys economic growth, employment generation and accelerated industrialization.Government of Bangladesh has highlighted the importance of SME in the Industrial Policy-2010. SME has identified by the Ministry of Industries as a thrust sector. As the SME sector is labor intensive, it can create more employment opportunities. For this reason government of Bangladesh has recognized SME as a poverty alleviation tool. SME also foster the development of entrepreneurial skills and innovation. Along with poverty alleviation SME can reduce the urban migration and increased cash flow in rural areas. As a result it will enhance the standard of living in rural areas. Performance of SMEs in Bangladesh is significantly found below the level of international standard.Although government of Bangladesh has taken some initiative to ensure the growth of SME but those steps are not enough at all. But government show s its positive attitude towards this sector. Bangladesh government should continue to give more focuses on some areas, such as arrangement of finance, provide infrastructure facilities, frame appropriate legal framework, establish national quality policy etc. From the sequence of our analysis it seems that for the economic development of Bangladesh SME can play a vital role. We are sooner optimistic that if the above mentioned suggestions are implemented then the growth of SME sector in Bangladesh will be accelerated. References 1. Ahmed, M. U. , Mannan, M. A. , Razzaque, A. , and Sinha, A. (2004).Taking Stock and Charting a Path for SMEs in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Enterprise Institute, Dhaka. 2. Alam, M. S. and Ullah, M. A. (2006). SMEs in Bangladesh and Their Financing An Analysis and Some Reccomendations. The Cost and Management, Vol. 34, No. 3. 3. Hossain, N. (1998). Constraints to SME Development in Bangladesh, Seminar Proceedings, University of Maryland at College Park, USA. 4. Miah, M. A. (2006). Key Success Factors for National SME Development Program Lessons for OIC Member Countries from Bangladesh Experience, SME Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 5. Mintoo, A. A. (2006). SMEs in Bangladesh. CACCI daybook, Vol. 1. 6. Report of Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2002).Strategic Issues and Potential Response Small and Medium Enterprise Development and Export Expansion. Asian Development Bank (ADB), Dhaka. 7. SME Cell. (2005). Policy Strategies for Development of SME, Ministry of Industries, Government of rafts Republic of Bangladesh. 8. SME Policy Strategies. (2005). Publication of Government of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. 9. Uddin, S. M. N (2008). SME Development and Regional Economics Integration, Seminar Proceedings, stick Regional Workshop held in Tokyo, Japan. 10. Ahmed, Kashfia & Chowdhury, Tanvir Ahmed (2009). Performance Evaluation of SMEs of Bangladesh, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4 No. 7.

Learning Strategies Essay

Learning strategies pay back the approach for achieving the nurture objectives and argon included in the pre-instructional activities, information presentation, prentice activities, testing, and follow-through. The strategies be usually tied to the needs and interests of students to enhance learning and atomic number 18 based on umpteen types of learning styles (Ekwensi, Moranski, &Townsend-Sweet, 2006).Due to the Learning Strategies are routined to achieve the learning objectives that teachers want their learners to use when they are acquiring a second address, it is important to be conscious about the figure that influence the choice of learning strategies. What are those factors? There is a eye socket of factors that affect strategy choice, including vocabulary learning strategies. According to Ellis (1994 540 545) there are two broad categories of such factors INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES * AGE unripe children tend to use strategies in task particular(prenominal) ma nner, whereas older ones use normalized and more sophisticated strategies.* LEARNING STRATEGY According to Oxford (1989), general approach to language learning determines the choice of L2 learning strategies. For example uninflected learners prefer strategies such as contrastive analysis and discerning language and phrases, whereas global students use strategies to find meaning guessing, scanning, predicting, etc. * PERSONALITY example Ehrman (1990) suggests that each personality type is associated with assets and liabilities where language learning is concerned. For example, extroverts are designate to have willingness to take risks (an asset) but with dependency on external excitant and interaction (a liability).Another finding mentioned by Erhman was that introverts showed greater use of strategies involving seek for and communicating meaning than did extroverts. * MOTIVATION Some researches show that highly actuate learners used more strategies relating to formal practic e, functional practice, general study, and conversation/stimulation elicitation than poorly motivated learners (Ellis 1994542). The grumpy reason for studying the language motivational orientation, especially as related to career field was excessively important in the choice of strategies.SITUATIONAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS * GENDER On the radical of Oxford and Nyikos (1989) and Erhman (1990) research, females reported greater overall strategy use than males in many studies. Although sometimes males surpassed females in the use of a particular strategy. * TYPE OF labor movement The specification of the task may help learners in using particular strategies, but cannot predetermine the actual strategies that will be used. * Learning ground Students (Ellis 1994) have pointed out a number of differences in the usage of learning strategies in a schoolroom and in more natural setting.Studies of classroom strategies by Chamot (1988) showed that social and affective strategies were used in frequently by adults, excluding unbelieving for clarification. However, Wong-Filmore (19761979) reported frequent use of social strategies by progeny learners in a play situation. CONCLUSION Once we as teachers roll in the hay the factors that influence in our students decisions to choose a specific Learning Strategy, it will be easier to guide them in the correct centering to be autonomous, students whom can take charge of their own learning (Nation, 2001222) and suck in independence and self-direction. REFERENCES Ehrman, J. K.(1990). Clinical Exercise Physiology . Unided States of America. Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. saucily York Oxford University Press. Oxford, R. L. (1989). Language Learning Motivationpathways to the new century. Unided States of America University of Hawaii Press. Ekwensi, F. , Moranski, J. , & Townsend-Sweet, M. , (2006). E-Learning Concepts and Techniques. Bloomsburg University of pascals Department of Instructional Tech nology. 5. 1 Instructional Strategies for Online Learning. Retrieved February 26th , 2010 http//iit. bloomu. edu/Spring2006_eBook_files/ebook_spring2006. pdf.

Kudler Fine Foods Service Essay

circumstances RequestThe manager of Kudler delightful Foods, Kathy Kudler, has requested the growth of a dodge to track guest secures through a condescend Shopper Program to inherentlyocate loyalty points for redemption. (Apollo, 2011) Key StakeholdersThe primordial stakeholders argon the individuals that atomic number 18 layly conglomerate with Kudler graceful Foods and give make a direct effect on the everyplace each interpret. These individuals bequeath be the main source of cryingruction in the analysis, propose, death penalty and testing chassis of the ashess upgrade. Kathy KudlerProject ManagerThe Frequent Shopper Program for Kudler is kick downstairsicular(prenominal) in evokeence working flowing and prox customers by honour them for shopping with the company. both seam and practiced functions lead be addressed as intumesce as improved parley between the sales and marketing and purchasing dep stratagemments. The goal is to deliver the goods better response to customer demands while rewarding the customer and accomplishing this in an cost-effectively fast manner.A marketing device moldiness be developed to in spend a penny modern and potential customers of the architectural devise and encourage them to participate and take advantage of the benefits offered by the weapons platform. In utilizing an international source for the political program, Kudler give be open to provide a full(a) relationship between the IT resources of the tabooside source and the internal sales and descent strategys. There is besides a penury to modify the two disparate info stupids and the GUI in night club to altogetherow for smooth data shipping and communication.Kudlers specific goals argon to improve customer satisfaction in rescript to increase brand loyalty, cut cost by increase supply efficiency, and increase sales which ordain result in high revenue and profits for the company. In order to check over success of this come out, au and so(prenominal)tic aspects go away be monitored throughout the duration. This testament intromit Kudler to view what aspects are successful and what aspects are non. The main aspects that give be monitored are mod customer en handment into the program, tracking of purchases from rate of flow and repeat customers, tracking of customer reward points, duration of participation from customers in the program, and total customer deliver points, and difference in cost of deliver items versus wholesale/supplier costs.support Measures and Project FeasibilityIn order for Kudler Fine Foods to continue harvest and experience profitability, the design and slaying of a Frequent Shopper Program must be accomplished. The program pass on deficiency to utilize the lift out unattached ironware and computer packet product ashes to accomplish their goals and to promote growth as fountainhead. The chosen corpse will need to address both short and yen des tination take and problems that could arise. This is d nonpareil through a information temporal body that will combine all aspects and products that Kudler wishes to incorporate into the program. This phase must address the current budget allocated by Kudler for the implementation of the program while incorporating all involve requirements.Current Business touch on SummaryProposed establishment RequirementsThe proposed tender body must be capable of meeting the requirements set forwards by the key stakeholders indoors the company. This list of requirements will be presented, discussed, and hence edited based on what is needed, what is within budget constraints, and what is decided on by the stakeholders. This list of functional requirements proposed to Kudler is below.Functional Requirements constitution is capable of immature customer enrollment clay is able to track purchases for all customers remains is able to track and line rewards points for individual customers frame allows for rewards points to be redeemed arranging allows for viewing of customer rewards points on POS terminals arrangement allows input changes from POS terminals system of rules will sync with company website for tracking of rewards pointsSystem allows for data from from each one location to be blood lined and accessed in a primordial locationSystem must be compatible with current system in ad equitable for well-fixed transition.Determine RequirementsThe determination of the requirements for this system is a key part in the development of the Frequent Shopper Program (FSP). There are umpteen methods that fuel be routine to properly determine the requirements needed for an in effect(p) system. These elicit range from simple observation of current mouldes and interviews with employees and management, to Joint exertion Design (JAD) procedures. The common landly use methods of observation, interviews, etc., feces help psychoanalysts pinpoint small requirements based on drug drug user input and business processes. According to Charvat (2003), nonpareil of the biggest benefits of a proper user requirements specification is that youll be able to plan and estimate your project correctly, decreasing the chance of cost and time overruns.The analyst must listen to the employees and gain a positive understanding of all business processes before establishing the unused system requirements. The Joint Application discipline (JAD) is a newer and more organized means of multitude cultivation to base requirements on. This process is conducted by holding sessions in which key stakeholders and other key pieces of management are present and work together in the sketch of the possible requirements. This allows for input from all levels within the disposal and potentiometer succumb better results than other commonly used methods. While this process tramp be lengthy, it keeps all key members involved up to get wind on the status of progress du ring the development phase and analysis.List of Confirmed RequirementsSystem is capable of new customer enrollment mandateSystem is able to track purchases for all customersMandatorySystem is able to track and store rewards points for individual customersMandatorySystem allows for rewards points to be redeemedMandatorySystem allows for viewing of customer rewards points on POS terminalsMandatorySystem allows input changes from POS terminalsMandatorySystem will sync with company website for tracking of rewards pointsMandatorySystem allows for data from each location to be stored and accessed in a central locationMandatorySystem must be compatible with current system in place for easy transitionOptionalProposed System Process ViewFunctional totallyocation ModelingThis aspect is actually important in ensuring all software and hardware utilized for the new system is up to date and current as of the time of this value request. Since technology advancements are made almost every day, i t is important to flummox on the cutting edge. This is why the use of computer systems with an Intel core i7 central processor is being chosen. The hardware that will be used wil1l be purchase directly from dingle. This will give Kudler piece of mind with all hardware and full technical support with the warranty provided from Dell.The systems chosen will father 8GB of RAM (memory) and will accept 22 LCD monitors, core i7 processors with 4.5GHz speed, and set preloaded with Windows 7.. Each system will in addition be equipped with 10/100 ethernet capabilities to meet the standards of the current network in place at Kudler. The current server in place at Kudler will be replaced by Unix servers by SPARC Enterprise Software SAP system for sell environments. The POS terminals will be replaced by NCR RealPOS 82XRT terminals which offer scanners, cash drawers, touch privacy displays, and built in printing capabilities. VOIP phone systems and HP M521dn and HP 8015 printers will rep lace the overage ones currently in use.Logical Model of SystemPreliminary Design ModelDesign Trade-offIn order for Kudler Fine Foods to cook a successful program, an examination of product roll out methodology must be performed. There will need to be a specific balance in regards to the mixture of cost, archive and performance. It is understood that a program cannot incorporate all three aspects at once which then leads to deciding what the appropriate trade-offs shall be within the requirements. The interest depict possible scenarios of combining two aspects simply foregoing a third possible requirement.Cost and ScheduleBy having a program that is inexpensive and keeps to the specify timelines the company will end up with one that is affordable and able to start up right away. If the history is king-sized for integration of the system with the current system then the time to gain on the customers data would take time. The downside is that cheap is not always best and can r esult in a low performance insert that is fraught with hardware and software failures. If the program cannot function properly in that location is a decent chance that it will fail outright out-of-pocket to customers not wanting to take part in it.Schedule and executingCreating a program that is memorandumd to finish on time and functions to specified standards will allow Kudler customers to enjoy the programs rewards with little to no problems. In this instance the design trade-off is cost. The cost of the new proposed system would be quite moderate to high. The cost to get the correct and dependable information at every instance of time is the biggest scrap over the cost incurred in the infrastructure. Not keeping up with costs for the mental hospital though will result in a project that has a finishing cost much higher than was originally budgeted for. The result can pull funding from other much needed programs or can cause the program to change such as the customer recei ving rewards that are of a lowerquality than originally promised.Cost and PerformanceIf the project team is able to create the program at manageable costs while maintaining a high quality performance status the customers will be able to enjoy the benefits of the rewards while allowing the company to stay within appropriate budget levels. All the previous customers data would be inputted and promote processed , which would take time The implementation of the new system would master costs of data transfer and catering the customers in a suitable manner. The performance of the system would improve with enhanced ability to track information about customers , their preference pattern and any change in their look In addition to all the above , the company can slenderize the extra cost of hoarding of goods and can only customers preferences. The possible tradeoff is that the program may not be finished as scheduled. This can result in a backlog for future projects. In addition, if the project takes an exceedingly longer amount of time than originally thought, it may extend scrapped so a new plan can come in its place.Detailed Design ProcessThe prototype will drive the design of the forms and reports. The forms need to document predefined data in a clear and laconic manner. Forms are typically based on one database record and affirm a stylized form. Reports are business documents that contain predefined data and data from many unrelated transactions or records used for reading or come offing information. The forms and reports need to be end user friendly and clear to understand. They should not render simple rows or columns. The forms and reports can be designed utilise online graphical tools. This will help standardize them with other organizations. The forms and reports should have a transparent human computer interface.In designing a form or report in that location are some fundamental questions that need to be addressed who will be the form/report user , the purpose, when will they be needed, who should have access to them, and who does it need to be delivered to? Answering these questions will allow the programmer to produce an effective form/report.The hardware and networks used should be consistent with what is already in use throughout the organization. Kudler Fine Foods uses UNIX operating system, HP stain server system and SAP as their software. The UNIX server needs to be upgraded to UNIX SPARC Enterprise software. The organization should upgrade their current version of SAP Retail SW to SAP for Retail. The HP trade name server should be upgraded to a Dell PowerEdge M620 blade server. The HP blade server is obsolete and this may create problems if future support or maintenance is needed. The CM2320nf printer is obsolete and should be upgraded with the HP M521dn printer.The HP 3015 printers, VOIP phones, armoured personnel carrier Smart UPS, POS terminals, 22 screens, and the NAS 10 TB storage server should all remain. If the organization is going to upgrade their software they should upgrade their hardware as indicated. This will allow the organization the ability to use state of the art hardware with state of the art software and get the most out of the system. They will be able to utilize the most current expert features currently for sale and extend the life of their infrastructure.Human Computer interfaceThe human computer interface should be designed with Microsoft Visual Basic. Net. Microsoft is a universal program that employees are familiar with. Using Microsoft will allow end users to feel comfortable with the software because the commands for Microsoft can be applied. training is easier for employees using Microsoft because so many of them are familiar with it. Microsoft reports can in any case be imported and exported to other mediums making it possible for end users to review the information in detail. They currently use Microsoft Windows 7. Using the most current version of softwar e will extend the life of the system. Using outdated software will hinder the use of the most current applications and can make the program prematurely outdated. The organization should continue using Dell computers but they need to upgrade them to Dell XPS 8700 with an i7 processor, and 4.0 GHz. CD drives are no longer necessary, most information is transferred or stored via a memory stick. tangible System ModelWhat are information computer architecture plots? A diagram architecture is not necessary an architecture produced through diagrams. Instead, diagram architecture is an architecture that behaves like a diagram, indifferent tothe specific means of its realization. (Par. 13) When it comes to these diagrams you are taking the knowledge of the architecture and molding it into a visual and comprehendible aid laid out in sequence like patterns that head direction. And when these diagrams are designed of information architecture the process usually ends up back where it started making a loop back to the requirements. Producing this process of creating an information architecture diagrams can be a bit confusing and plenty end up getting information confused rather easy. Until a man named Philippe Kruchten came up with a brilliant way to look at the diagram. He introduced the concept of viewing the diagram through the eyes of the stakeholders.This process became cognize as the 4+1 information view model. The 4 is for the several views in which he describes as the Physical view, Logical view, development view and the process view. And the +1 is added to describe the scenarios. Modeling the architecture of a software system can be presented in two areas known as the High level design and design patterns. High level is the use of the core components who work together for the one mission of fulfilling the requirements.And depending on if the system is large enough it is possible that each component will sustain its own high level setup that will provide descri ptions of its smaller parts. Design patterns are used here and there in the particular designs of each of the components. A pattern is a waypoint that will direct you to the end solution of the program in which it is accommodating. If the same pattern is used through the design of separate programs it will act as a money saver as it saves in the purchase of new software and saves time in the design process. Testing Process SummaryThis phase will be somewhat similar to the knowledgeableness and implementation phase in some ways. The overall functionality of every aspect within the system must be tested to ensure it meets the requirements of the original project plan. All new software and hardware must go through perfect(a) examination and a system of founders to accomplish this. This phase must be continued throughout the life cycle of the system to continuously check for errors and bugs to keep the system performing at optimum capacity. To properly sub this phase there are guide lines to follow for testing that will gallop all aspects of the system.Hardware and SoftwareInstallation Process/ bringing up pictureIn order to accomplish the implementation of the Frequent Shopper Program successfully Kudler will need to implement the POS Server database flawlessly into the system in order to avoid data loss or corruption of data. The online funds Registers and the in-store cash registers will be communicating to the same database and a seamless integration of these three components is crucial during the early implementation phase of the installation. The challenge during this phase of the installation is the software that will be used to do work these three components together. Continuous testing of the POS, The CMS, and the store website are needed to ensure that any bugs in the system are pointed out early. Once this is drop off the Kudler will be able to focus on the smaller aspects of the program such as ensuring that all merchandise are coded correctly and the scanners are properly transmitting the data.The timeline for the implementation of this project is 2-3 months. The company should take measures during the implementation and installation regarding marketing tomaintain the competitive edge and afford customers needed time to adjust to the idea of this new system. Time will be needed to train staff on the proper procedures for issuing and Frequent Shopper Cards, and the support teams will need training on how to troubleshoot system errors. The cashiers will need training on methods of marketing the programs and procedures for how to use, issue, and reissue cards to customers enrolling or already enrolled in the program. One of the keys to success of the program is ensuring the cashiers have a clear understanding of how to market the program. Failure to ensure marketing or the cards is upheld and train employees on how to properly process cards will be counterproductive to the program and could lower customer value.Installatio n ProcessInstallation is the organizational process of change over from the current information system to the new one. Managing the change to a new systemwhether or not it is computerized is one of the most difficult tasks in any organization (George, Hoffer, & Valacich, 2012). After system construction, final acceptance tests performed during systems installation and evaluation ensures the development team has completed all tasks for the project. After determination that system trading operations are fully functional, the system is ready for installation. During the installation process, the old system becomes disabled and subsequently, the new system activated. The project manager and developers assemble the resources demand for installation as the work begins.Resources required for installation of the system includes development team members and their various programming tools, including software. Project constraints in this instance have a comparatively narrow degree because of the streamlined and limited changes. The installation team begins by changing the modems over to broadband, and activating broadband connections at each store. At this stage, the installed applications including updates to the Point of Sale system software, the database management system, credence card interface software, and printer applications undergo testing for appropriate functionality. The entire system is then tested, and confirmed successful for use (George, Hoffer, & Valacich, 2012). The installation of the Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Shopper Program and related plans for training will correspond with the timeline illustrated. culture inventionThe training and installation timeline provides a sufficient and organized schedule for installation and system testing, also providing an expedient finish to the system implementation processes. The project team develops training materials and documentation for training classes. The next tone in the implementation phase is trai ning system users, managers, and IT staff.Diagram 1 Installation and Training TimelineUser training and training documentation should include an overview of system features, capabilities and limitations, data entry and menu screen options, contents, and processing instructions, and procedures for requesting changes and reporting problems. Other important inclusions are troubleshooting examples and error situations including resolutions, and a section on frequently asked questions (Cashman, Rosenblatt, & Shelly, 2013). As illustrated, Frequent Shopper Program System Training, the specific expound for training specific groups vary according to employee function and extent.Documentation Plan SummaryDocumentation needs to be accurate and will also be a determining factor on the softwares success or failure. Documentation needs to include how to work the system, sweep it, its potential, how to use the data, and reporting methods. This should be done early on so the end user has refere nce materials. The documentation process should begin when developing the system. This will provide supporting material for developers and help develop future training materials. If the end user does not understand how to use the system or recall information for reporting purposes, the software is not serving its purpose. Most systems in place today are for information gathering and storage. If the end user cant access the collected information, then the software will be rendered useless.The system will need to be maintained so a maintenance manual of arms should be available to guide developers on how to make fixes and update the system. An operational manual should be available for the subject material expert, designers and users. This manual will help when they have questions on a process or how to get a current part of the program to produce or collectthe proper data. A technical manual will be necessary so the technical writers can refer to the system structure when they have questions. The technical manual should include drawings, flowcharts, and the database structure.The system should have a training manual that has ill-use by step instructions that a user can follow. It should also have a list of any codes, available reports, system outputs, a troubleshooting guide, work a rounds, and be current on updates. The Training manual or user manual will help the user by providing a guide for future reference and for training. The training manual will help decrease questions and improve efficiency. The more information that is available for the user the more proficient they will be at using it.Training end users is very important. This could mean the difference between an efficient and easy flowing system or a cumbersome, difficult to use nightmare. Visuals should be used to make training easier and provide future training material references. If there are inquiries that are not frequently performed, the end user might not recall how to initiate the inquir ies and having a visual to refer to, might help the end user be more efficient when conducting these inquires.Support & Maintenance PlanIts not enough to just implement a system and fully integrate it into the new business system. There must be a support system that covers common mistakes and helps people locate answers to their technical questions. And along with the system support there also must be some type of maintenance schedule that keeps the system healthy, like frequent updates to keep the system up to date and as free from bugs as possible.Software SupportIn order for a system to operate at full potential the software must remain up to date with all of the bug fixes and security department issues that comes with having software. Having your software up to date could very well be the line of life of your company. If your software fails, then the work production conducted on that system will also fail.Hardware SupportJust as important as software support is hardware suppor t. Hardware consists of several critical and fleshly components of an IT system. These components include but are not limited to servers, systems used to store data, personal computers (PC) and the networks that tie them all together. When it comes to business communication is the key, and this doesnt expel the communication of the IT systems.Network SupportLike previously mentioned, networks are the communication for IT systems. Keeping your network up and running can be a little difficult to deal with. When a network goes down then every piece of hardware on that network has no communication. unluckily network issues usually get dealt with as soon as they happen. What is recommended is to have a check maintenance schedule in increments of monthly, bimonthly, semiannually, annually or biannually to periodically check the condition of the network before it fails resulting in a downed network.When software is merged over into a company system there are user manuals and lists of k nown and unknown bugs for the system. Each member should have been briefed on the new software and also provided the information include in the user manuals and the known and unknown bug reports. For the hardware and network, preventative maintenance is the best way to avoid a downed asset. And a well maintained support system with frequent updates will ensure your software stays up todate with the latest security and bugs fixes.ConclusionThis thorough analysis and all aspects carefully and fully examined, the proposed project will not only meet, but exceed the request of Kudler Fine Foods for implementing a rewards program. The use of cutting edge technology in both hardware and software aspects will ensure a smooth running system for eld to come. The incorporation of the rewards program and the system upgrades should not only increase profitability, but brand loyalty from customers as well. The system meets all required needs of Kudler Fine Foods to include time scheduling, budge t, and both short and long term goals.ReferencesApollo Group Inc. (2011). Kudler Fine Foods. Service Request SR-kf-013. Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/ServiceRequests/index.aspKudler Fine Foods Cashman, G. B., Rosenblatt, H. J., & Shelly, G. B. (2013). Systems compendium and Design (10th ed.). Boston, MA Thomson Course Technology. Charvat, Jason. (June 30, 2013). Determine User Requirements Now to empty Problems Later. TechRepublic. Retreived from http//www.techrepublic.com/article/determine-user-requirements-now-to-avoid-problems-later/ Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Roth, R. M. (2012). Systems analysis & design (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons. Federal office of Investigation (2013). The Insider Threat An introduction to detecting and deterring an insider spy. Retrieved from http//www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/counterintelligence/the-insider-threat George, J. F., Hoffer, J. A., & Valacich, J. S. (2012). Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design. Retrieved from http//www.bau.edu.jo/inst/hamza/SAbook.pdf Riordan Manufacturing Intranet Website (2014). Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Riordan/ (2010, 05). Diagram Architecture. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 05, 2010, from http//www.studymode.com/essays/Diagram-Architecture-63657523.html

Comparing two poems Essay

In this es take I impart be comparing two poesys. These rimes ar on the topic of warf be which is real relevant especially as there is a war going on in Iraq as I am constitution this. The first rime I am going to write roughly called Dulce et Decorum est is written by Wilfred Owen. He had first hand obtain of war as he was a sol break upr so he will give us a very h sensationst cerebration of war and what it was really analogous to fight in one. Unfortunately for him he was killed in action a week before the war ended.The song has a very strong anti-war feeling well-nigh it it is his personalized expression that dying for your country is not a very good intimacy and in the song he conveys this to us by giving us very clear mental learns of the horrible effects of war. Wilfred Owenss locating to war is that he is frustrated, angry and resentful of it.The poem type Wilfred uses in this poem is the Sonnet this is odd because Sonnet poems are ordinarily round love besides in this case he is writing rough hurt rhythm of the octaves in this poem is slow and speeds up in the sestet. These ties in with the mood of the poem e.g. Gas Gas Gas This barrier has been broken up with exclamation marks to test that there is an emergency. so it slows down quite considerably again in the final stanza to concur us think of the paroxysm the soldiers go through. It is wonderful the way that he structures this poem from the soldiers feelings, to his own and then he asks the reader for their views. There is one very noticeable thing rough the structure and that is that there are two lines of the poem on their own also these line are not in the past tense like the rest of the poem and this is because he is trying to emphasize the mental scars of war which remain with him in the present.He gives us a very detailed mental vista and he gives us this in all three rhymes. In poetry 1 he talks about the physical breakdown of the soldiers. He builds up this mental image of suffering e.g. knocked kneed, and he continues this mental picture into versus 2 as he talks about his bloke solider suffering and dying in the gas as he cant get his helmet on. He uses verbs in this verse in a ingenious way e.g. Fumbling and floundering. E.g. Fumbling, Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time. And floundering like a man in fire or lime. In verse 3 he uses onomatopoeic e.g. gargling. He uses this word to explain how his fellow solider died e.g. Gargling from the forth-corrupted lungs. The pain that this soldier suffered is conveyed to us in a very low way e.g. As under a green sea, I power saw him drowning. What he means by that is he has breathed in so much gas its suffocating him so it is very like drowning. some other example He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.In the first verse he uses metaphors in a very coercive way e.g. Blood shoed, drunk with fatigue to show the exhaustion and suffering of the soldiers. Also the Onomatopoe ic words in the first verse sludge and trudge, show us how the soldiers slowly marched it tell us also that they had no finis and enthusiasm lift to fight for their country.Wilfred Owen is basically saying in this poem that hes been there and its not that good at all to fight for your country. This is the complete opposite of what Lord Tennyson talks about in The Charge of the twinkle aggroup.Lord Tennysons poem is different from Wilfred Owen in a number of ways. Firstly Lord Tennyson has never fought in a war Tennyson poem is also saying that it is good to die for your country and Tennysons poem is about the soldiers being heroes and grand men.The poets attitude to war is that it is an honorable and noble thing to die for your country. The bankers bill of this poem is fast and very sharp e.g. Forward, the Light Brigade Charge for the guns Another example is Cannon to right of them, Cannon to unexpended of them, Cannon in front of them stays at this speed for near of the po em.Tennyson structures his poem in to 6 verses of even length. He starts off describing the pass on in verse 1 and 2 e.g. Into the valley of death Forward, the Light Brigade then into verse 4 he talks about the heat of the battle e.g. Flashed all their sabers bare, Flashed as they turned in air, Sabring the gunners there. In verses 5 and 6 he talks about the retreat e.g. posterior from the mouth of Hell, All that was left of them and he then goes on to say how courageous, noble and heroic the soldiers were e.g. honour the charge they made Honour the glisten brigade, Noble six hundred. Verse 6 is shorter than the rest as it is a tribute to the soldiers that fought in the war.The rhythm of the poem is regular it conveys how requisite the charge was. The rhyme sounds very grand, patriotic and has a musical tone about it. The poem type is a ballad. A ballad is usually a short narrative poem with stanzas of two or quaternity lines and usually a refrain. They contain repetition e.g. Rode the six hundred (which is on the end of every verse) another example half(a) league, one-half league, half league onward. They are written in straight-forward verse, seldom with detail, but always with graphic simplicity and force. Many old-time ballads were written and performed by minstrels attached to noblemens courts.Language employ in the poem is very powerful to glorify the charge rather than show pity. He uses metaphors in his poem e.g. Into the valley of death there is also avatar used in his poem e.g. Into the jaws of death and Into the mouth of inferno He uses these metaphors and personification in his poem to emphasize the suicidal march of the Light Brigade. The hell and death in these phrases reinforces the views of this being the end for the soldiers.I really care the way that Tennyson brings the reader into his poem by asking a rhetorical question Was there a man dismayed? and When can their rejoice fade? He does use a quite a deal of onomatopoeia e.g. Vol leyed and thundered and Shot and shell. He has also chosen his verbs in his poem really well. They are Very prominent convey idea of speed, the sparkle and movement all in the one verb is flashed. The repetition is very powerful and significant in the poem from the very first line Half a league, Half a League, Half a league onward.My personal view on war is that it is a terrible thing and should simply be used for a last resort. I would only watch with a war at present if there was evidence to render that Iraq have weapons of mass destruction and then I would consider it a just war and that we must get Saddam quickly and guardedly to keep down the risk of innocent deaths. I personally like Dulce et Decorum est. by Wilfred Owen as it is more detailed and gives you very smart as a whip pictures of the soldiers deaths and as Wilfred Owen was believable actually there its more in a sense as he was has seen it up close. This poem taught me that war is a bad thing and its not worth it it helped me to appraise how much pain some of the soldiers had to suffer in the war.

Political Philosophy and National Integration Essay

1. Central QuotationNational integration is partly a spin-off of other social and economic readings, partly the result of deliberate disposal policies. (Birch, 36) 2. Argument In this textbook Birch gives a historical overview of study integration subroutine.He discusses contrastive attitudes towards preoccupancy of minorities that existed in North the States and Europe. Before 1960s that it was current believe that national integration could be challenged by the existence of different heathen groups within the borders of the country and assimilation was desirable. After 1960 however, this attitudes has changed in favour of social pluralism. Birch also presents patterns, which describes car park practices of national integration. 3. QuestionThe question raised in this text is Whether the process of national integration must be accompanied by on the whole or partial assimilation of minorities? Birch describes both negative and supreme effects, which social, economic and p olitical integration of minor ethnic and cultural groups could score on building a sense of nationhood. His argumentation is based on contradictory assertions. One argument is in favour of social homogeneity i.e. stresses the importance of common language and feeling of unity among people for development of democratic institutions. In the same time author mention some(prenominal) scientific works that question the assumption that further integration is call for for establishment of good example democracy. 4. Experiential ConnectionEven thou I grew up in Sweden, I have a lot of friends with different ethnic origin who lives there, mostly 1st or 2nd multiplication immigrants. All of them had a chance, upon their own will to learn Swedish complete of charge as soon as they arrived. That was the part of integration architectural plan established by government in order to facilitate immigration process. That makes it easier for immigrants to interact with local citizens, get the jobs and thus contribute to social, political and economic development of the country. 5. Textual Connection.Birchs argumentation is quite standardised to Will Kymlickasagrument in the text Western political theory and ethnic relations in eastern Europe. As well as Birch, Kymlicka stresses that attitudes toward ethnic minorities among democratic liberals in West had changed since 1960 and multiculturalism become more unobjectionable (Kymlicka, s. 33). Kymlicka focuses on different ethnic groups and describes assimilation attempts made by governments towards these groups. He also emphasizes the importance of different governmental policies that determines integration process (Kymlicka, s. 42). 6. Implications.This text analyses the different ways in which minor groups can be co-ordinated into national societies and poses the question of whether national integration is a positive or a negative process. This question must be answered by citizens and representative governments in eve ry country before there will be taken any further action toward national integration or disintegration. I think government have to consider prior acquire of integration of minorities in different countries to choose appropriated policies for the particular county. This can be done throughout case studies and with help of patterns of integration drawn up by theorists and scientists.

Cold War Essay

How was the Cold War fought? Directions The following question is based on the accompanying historys in Part A. As you analyze the documents, take into eyeshade both the source of the document and the authors point of view. Be sure to 1. Carefully read the document-based question. Consider what you already know round this topic. How would you answer the question if you had no documents to examine? 2. Now, read each document carefully, underlining key phrases and words that address the document-based question. You may also wish to role the margin to make brief notes.Answer the questions which follow each document. 3. found on your own association and on the information found in the documents, formulate a thesis that directly answers the question. 4. Organize supportive and applicable information into a brief outline. 5. Write a well-organized examine proving your thesis. The essay should be logically presented and should include information both from the documents and from yo ur own knowledge outside of the documents. Question How did the Cold War begin and what weapons were used to fleck this war? Part AThe following documents provide information most the Cold War.The offensive missiles could destroy most cities in the Western Hemisphere. Consequently, he demanded that the Soviet Union remove these missiles from Cuba and end this dangerous arms race. chronicle 9 Premier Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles because he said they were scarce put there to defend and protect Cuba from an attack. Since the U. S. had promised that Cuba will not be attacked by any country in the Western Hemisphere, the missiles were no long-term needed. The threat of nuclear was lifted and the world stepped back from the brink of war. 127 surplus Information Beyond the Documents

Jim Morrison as the Byronic Hero

In this paper Im going to describe in what air Jim Morrison projects the majority of the characteristics of the Byronic Hero. In the fore roughly hand, I need to make a clear and consistent statement concerning the most classifiable device characteristics of the conventional Byronic Hero. Thorsley, the powerful researcher of the Romanticism, gives the following account of the Byronic Hero the Byronic Hero is the one supporter who in stature and in temperament best represents the heroic tradition in England. The image of the Byronic Hero is surprisingly controversial. He is usually disapproved and disregarded by the large part of the society.Thorsley notes that, with the loss of his titanic passions, his pride, and his certainty of self-identity, he loses in addition his status as hero. Now let me list the typical features of a typical Childe Harold successor and analyze to what extent a specific feature applies to the attractive personality of crowd Douglas Morrison. In o rder to do it, Im going to analyze his biography and some characteristics of his personality and musical heritage. The Byronic Hero is an extraordinary and talented young man. The tremendous success of Jim Morrison leaves no doubt in his enormous talent and energy.I dare verbalise he was a genius for the ample reason that if we speak about the general history of contemporary music, we should remember only two names, the Beatles and the Doors, and the Doors in the first place. Secondly, the Byronic Hero is rebellious and opposes almost all social laws and norms. He purposely distances himself from the social institutions. This feature was characteristic of Jim Morrison from the early childhood and youth. He utilise to question authority and for that he was dismissed from the scout club. At night, he used to leave home secretly and go to crowded and disreputable bars.His teen misbehaving soon evolved into a consistent social protest expressed bowl music and show. Philosophies of Protest was his favorite course in Florida State University. He rejected social institution, and we find evidence for it in the detail that he had never been married. Instead, he married Patricia Kennealy in a Celtic non-Jew ceremony. The Byronic Hero is never impressed by rank and privilege though he may possess it. Jim Morrison might rescue become a representative of the golden youth with good education, good job and still social position. But his choice was in favour of the flamboyant capital of Italy bread and butterstyle.Another feature worth mentioning is intelligence. The conventional Byronic Hero is well-red and possibly well-bread. Jim Morrison took a bang-up interest in self-education he devoted time to cultivation Nietzsche, Jung, Ginsberg, Joyce and Balzac. He derived obedience in the writing of French symbolists, especially Rimbaud. Its very interesting to observe that Arthur Rimbaud himself was an exemplary Byronic Hero, with his dark passions and impressive talents. By the age of fifteen, Jim was a gifted poet and painter some sources argue that Jim Morrison had an IQ of 149.He has got good education and seen the world. This again proves that Jim Morrison projects the predominant majority of the features of the Byronic Hero. Another indicator of the Byronic Hero is the exile, usually imposed by the young men himself. genus Paris exile is an essential part of Jim Morrisons biography. Jim escaped to Paris with Pamela Courson. He did so because he disliked being treated as a celebrity. He was unsatisfied with the absence of seriousness with which he was treated as an American poet. Paris seemed to provide an asylum. The Byronic Hero is continually depressed and melancholy.Its reported that in Paris Jim searched for a sense of life and a sense himself in the world as well as for inspiration to create impressive poetry. But even in the city of bang-up poets Jim was constantly uninspired and severely depressed. The Byronic Hero is unusual ly handsome and inextricably attractive, often to both sexes. I dare label Jim Morrison as the most prominent male sex-symbol of the 20th century. The Childe Harold successor is isolated and self-reliant. Although Morrison was passionate with woman, he never sometimes rejected people at all.While studying at the university, Jim lived in a house with five other students. Soon, due to his alike heckling shenanigans, his roommates asked him to move out. This scenario repeated several time during Morrisons life career. Thorsley finds a great definition of the Byronic Hero, and Jim Morrison perfectly fits it. The researcher writes that the Hero is larger than life, in his feelings, talent, ambition and pride. The Byronic Hero is self-destructive in the longer run. Thats the most unassailable argument in proving Jim Morrison connection with the discussed image.His addiction to alcoholic beverage and drugs that progressed during the course of his life was his titanic passion. Finally, h e is believed to have died from drug overdose. He abused large quantity of heroin without knowing what exact drug it was. The consequences were easy to foresee. The ingestion of such a large quantity of a drug he had never used before caused a infract and the heart attack. Another version suggests that he did it deliberately, and the case was a typical example of a suicide. Anyway, Morrison, as a typical Byronic Hero, is a track of his own life and death.Another quality of the Byronic Hero is the ability to stay eternally young. Jim Morrison died at the age of 27. Those, whom Gods love, die young. The only counter-evidence I was able to discover, is the fact that the conventional Byronic Hero is distressed by a terrible involvement he committed in the past has a hidden disgust or crime. This burden forces him into a voluntary exile. We cant say that Morrison was constantly followed by the memories of his past. His only serious and continuous crime was attached to drug abuse, bu t that was typical of him during all the lifetime.But I can sully the importance of this evidence. When he escaped to Paris, he faced a tragical dilemma in his life. His two soul-mates, Pamela Courson and Patricia Kennealy, both demanded his love. Many say that his devotion to Patricia Kennealy was greater, but Pamela let him continue his experiments with alcohol and drugs. He may have always felt delinquency and regret for leaving Patricia. I conceptualize that this essay proves with essential argumentation and evidence that Jim Morrison projects almost all the features of the Byronic Hero.James Douglas Morrison was charismatic and talented, attractive and handsome, melancholy and drug-addicted, self-destructive and often isolated. He experienced exile, guilt and depression. So I strongly deem that there are substantial grounds to state that Jim Morrison projects almost all the characteristic of the conventional Byronic Hero. Sources Stephen Davis, Jim Morrison Life, Death, Leg end, Gotham Books, 2004. James Riordan, Jerry Prochinichy, Break on Through The Life and Death of Jim Morrison, Perennial Currents, 1992. woodpecker L. Thorslev, Romantic Contraries Freedom Versus Destiny, Yale Univ Pr. , 1984.