Teacher Internship Paper

My Public Policy and Administration Program Internship took place at California Common Cause. I began as a volunteer in February of 2006, which quickly turned into an internship, followed by a fellowship. I have now been working at California Common Cause as its Northern California Organizer since January 2007. California Common Cause is a non-profit, non-partisan citizens’ lobby organization working to hold public officials and public institutions accountable to the people. California Common Cause’s current focuses include redistricting reform, public financing of elections, and media reform. Its budget is composed of membership donations and grant funding. It has offices in Sacramento and Los Angeles with six paid employees, including myself. California Common Cause is the state organization for the national Common Cause. While California Common Cause provides state support for national issues, it mainly focuses on the state and local level within California. I was very excited to have the opportunity to volunteer for California Common Cause and am thrilled that it has turned into a full time position. I have been a member for many years, during which I was always impressed by the organization’s work. I particularly like its emphasis on remaining non-partisan, working solely for the common good of all Californians. Due to the small number of employees and the diversity of the work, I was able to participate on a huge variety of projects, including redistricting reform efforts, researching state campaign contributions, summarizing state bills and drafting letters of support or opposition of bills, writing sample letters to the editor and political officials for CCC members, organizing public financing efforts in the San Jose region, writing CauseNets, our â€Å"Action Alerts†, and updating the website. Redistricting Reform One of California Common Cause’s main focuses is promoting redistricting reform. Currently, the State Legislature draws political districts for state and Congressional representatives. California Common Cause sees this as a clear conflict of interest. Politicians are basically picking and choosing whom to include in their own districts, allowing the m to draw districts that will be most beneficial to their reelection. As such, California Common Cause has been working with a coalition of various interest

Girl Education Essay

Despite all tall claims by the government and nagging by voluntary organizations, a vast majority of the girls are yet illiterate in India. During the last four decades since independence, much is being done to emancipate women. Education of girls is one of the basic features of the plan. Many schools and colleges are founded for girls. Even co-education has received considerable support from the public, and although orthodox parents still view the system of co-education with suspicion, a large number of families send their daughters to co-educational institutions. Female education is, indeed, receiving a great impetus and the advance made by our country in this direction during the last decade or so is considerable. It is being increasingly recognized that educated wives and mothers are an asset to a nation and that neither expense nor effort should be spared to make female education popular and even compulsory. Being educated, they are working in banks, private firms, hospitals and government offices. Education has led to their economic independence and equality with menfolk. They have now an honoured position in society and have secured their rights from the reluctant men but all this is confined chiefly to the urban areas. In rural areas most of the people are still against girls’ education. So much needs to be done yet. An intensive propaganda is necessary to popularize female education not only in the towns and cities where its value is already fully recognized but in villages where the education of girls is still in its infancy. There are many villages where school for girl does not exist. Every village must have a girl’ schools, or if that is not possible owing to lack of funds, parents should be persuaded to admit their daughters to boys’ schools thus promoting co-education. Furthermore, the extreme poverty of the Indian masses makes it imperative that education for girls should be free up to the matriculation standard. If  facilities for female education are provided in every village, it will also be possible to make it compulsory. Special legislation should then be enacted to deal with parents who neglect the education of their daughters. This compulsion would be essential in early stages because most villagers are still too ignorant to understand the value of education for girls. It should not be forgotten, however, that the education given to girls ought to be strictly in accordance with their needs. At present, practically no distinction exists between the education of boys and that of girls. The two sexes are taught the same subjects both at school and college and they have to appear in the same examinations. That is clearly absurd. We must not lose sight of the fact while boys have to be fitted for careers; girls have to be prepared primarily for their duties as wives and mothers. It is true that many girls would like to take up various jobs like the boys, but even so the syllabi and courses of studies and the subjects for the two sexes should not be exactly the same. Girls ought to receive a good general education. No matter what other subjects they are taught, cookery, music, painting and hygiene should receive special emphasis. Subjects like arithmetic, history, geography and science will no doubt be common to boys and girls. Girls should primarily be trained for domestic life and all that goes with it. For we cannot escape the natural fact that the girls have one day to become wives and as a consequence mothers. Due emphasis should be laid on nursing, cooking, laundry, house ­hold accounts, etc. in the education of girls. They should be given lessons in child psychology. Ample opportunities should exist for them to learn the arts of dancing, music and painting if they have the necessary aptitude. That being so, the nature  of education that is given to them now must be such as to prove useful to them in their future capacity as wives and mothers. No doubt certain girls show promise of growing into artists, writers, orators, politicians and so forth, others may prefer to follow such professions as doctoring, teaching and law and still others may like to become steno-typists, secretaries, business executives, receptionists, telephone operators, etc. But the majority of girls have naturally a distinct preference for a general education, after which they will enter matrimony and settle down in their homes. So while all possible arrangements should exist in schools and colleges to encourage talent or a special aptitude for a particular profession, the average girl should be so educated and trained as to enable her to make home life happy, healthy and civilized.

Erotomania

De Clerambault's Syndrome, also called erotomania, is a psychological condition in which the sufferer is under the delusion that a certain person is in love with him or her. Typically, the object of this delusion is of a higher social class than the sufferer and is merely an acquaintance – at the most – in reality. To the person with de Clerambault's syndrome, everything that the object of affection does takes on a special significance that it does not really have. De Clerambault's syndrome is named after Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault, a French psychiatrist who wrote a comprehensive paper on the condition in 1921. [pic][pic][pic]De Clerambault's syndrome has been recognized in some form since long before Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault published his paper, although there was no standard term for it. Ancient authors, including Hippocrates and Plutarch, describe cases that today would probably be diagnosed as de Clerambault's syndrome. Psychiatrist Jacques Ferrand is credited with the first mention of the syndrome in psychiatric literature, in 1623. The concept of the condition has changed throughout the centuries, as it was originally likened to illness caused by unrequited love, and only relatively recently came to be understood as a delusional belief that another person is making romantic advances. There have been many famous cases of de Clerambault's syndrome, most of which manifested themselves through stalking behavior. The object of many of these cases was a celebrity of some sort, either in the realm of politics or entertainment. One of the most well-known cases affected John Hinckley, Jr. , who shot President Ronald Reagan in 1981 in an attempt to impress actress Jodie Foster, who he believed wanted a sign of his devotion. De Clerambault's syndrome has also often been the subject of fiction. Nikolai Gogol's classic story, â€Å"Diary of a Madman† (1835), describes a descent into insanity that begins with a case of de Clerambault's syndrome. Ian McEwan's novel Enduring Love (1997), adapted to film in 2004, tells the story of a homosexual case of the condition. De Clerambault's syndrome is also the subject of the 2002 French film He Loves Me†¦ He Loves Me Not, starring Audrey Tautou of Amelie fame. Erotomania atau biasa dikenal dengan sebutan de Clerambault’s syndrome merupakan suatu bentuk gangguan kepribadian dimana para penderitanya memiliki keyakinan yang merupakan waham bahwasannya ada seseorang, biasanya yang memiliki status sosial lebih tinggi (selebritis, bintang rock, orang terkenal, wanita sosialita, bos, dll), memendam perasaan inta kepada si penderita, atau mungkin memiliki suatu bentuk hubungan intim. Gangguan kepribadian ini rata-rata penderitanya adalah kaum pria. Pertama kali ditelaah oleh psikiater asal perancis yang bernama Gaetan Gatian Clerambault, yang menyusun sebuah makalah yang membahas tentang gangguan kepribadian macam ini pada tahun 1921. walau referensi awal yang sejenis dengan gangguan ini telah ada dalam tulisan Hipokrates, Erasistratus, Plutark, dan Galen. Dalam dunia psikiatri sendiri referensi sejenis ini telah ada pertama kali dalam tahun 1623 dalam sebuah risalah berjudul Maladie d’amour ou melancolie erotique yang ditulis oleh Jacques Ferrand, dan juga disebut sebagai â€Å"old maid’s psychosis†, â€Å"erotic mania† dan â€Å"erotic self-referent delusions† sampai kemasa sekarang dimana disebut sebagai bentuk dari Erotomania atau de Clerambault’s Syndrome. Inti utama dari bentuk sindrom ini adalah si penderita memiliki suatu waham atau delusi keyakinan bahwa ada orang lain, yang biasanya memiliki status sosial yang lebih tinggi, secara sembunyi-sembunyi memendam perasaan cinta kepadanya. Para penderita selalu yakin bahwa subjek dari delusi mereka secara rahasia menyatakan cinta mereka dengan isyarat halus seperti bahasa tubuh, pengaturan perabot rumah, atau dengan cara lain yang kemungkinan tidaklah mungkin (jika yang menjadi sasaran adalah seorang public figure maka akan diartikan secara salah oleh penderita, terhadap sesuatu yang tertulis dalam media massa tentang orang tersebut). Sering kali orang yang menjadi objek dalam delusi, hanya memiliki sedikit sekali hubungan atau bahkan tidak berhubungan sama sekali dengan sang penderita. Walau demikian sang penderita tetap percaya bahwa sang objek-lah yang memulai semua hubungan khayal itu. Delusi Erotomania sering ditemukan dalam sebuah gejala awal dari sebuah gangguan delusional atau dalam konteks Skizofrenia. Terkadang subjek yang berada dalam delusi tidaklah pernah ada dalam dunia nyata, nemun yang lebih sering terjadi, subjek adalah publik figur seperti penyanyi terkenal, aktor, aktris, politikus, selebritis dll. Erotomania juga disebut-sebut sebagai suatu penyebab perilaku Stalking yaitu suatu bentuk perilaku memperhatikan orang lain tanpa sepengetahuan orang yang diperhatikan, lalu perlahan melakukan suatu upaya pendekatan yang bersifat mengganggu, biasanya dengan obsesi bahwa korban adalah orang yang perlu ditolong atau bahkan dimusnahkan. Selain itu Erotomania juga disebut sebagai penyebab dari bentuk suatu tindakan yang mengganggu orang lain. Percobaan pembunuhan terhadap Mantan Presiden Amerika Serikat, Ronald Reagan oleh John Hinckley, Jr. ilaporkan telah diakibatkan oleh erotomania yang diderita Hinckley, yang merasa bahwa artis Jodie Foster akan membeberkan kepada publik bahwa ia cinta kepadanya setelah ia membunuh sang presiden. Hinckley sendiri terbebas dari jeratan hukum karena didiagnosa memiliki gangguan jiwa (skizofrenia). Berikut adalah daftar beberapa artis yang menjadi korban dari gangguan kepribadian ini: Linda Ronstadt David Letterman Madonna Barbara Mandrell Ronald Reagan Steven Spielberg Erotomania is a type of delusion in which the affected person believes that another person, usually a stranger, is in love with him or her. The illness often occurs during psychosis, especially in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar mania. [1] In one case, erotomania was reported in a patient who had undergone surgery for a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. [2] During an erotomanic psychosis, the patient believes that a â€Å"secret admirer† is declaring his or her affection to the patient, often by special glances, signals, telepathy, or messages through the media. Usually the patient then returns the perceived affection by means of letters, phone calls, gifts, and visits to the unwitting recipient. 2] The term erotomania is often confused with â€Å"obsessive love†, obsession with unrequited love, or hypersexuality (see nymphomania). Obsessive love is not erotomania by definition. Erotomania is also called de Clerambault's syndrome, after the French psychiatrist Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault (1872–1934), who published a comprehensive review paper on the subject (Les Psychoses Passionelles) in 1921. |Co ntents | |1 History | |2 Presentation | |3 Historical examples | |4 In popular culture | 5 See also | |6 Notes | |7 References | [pic][edit] History Early references to the condition can be found in the work of Hippocrates, Erasistratus, Plutarch and Galen. In the psychiatric literature it was first referred to in 1623 in a treatise by Jacques Ferrand (Maladie d'amour ou Melancolie erotique) and has been variously called â€Å"old maid's psychosis†, â€Å"erotic paranoia† and â€Å"erotic self-referent delusions† until the common usage of the terms erotomania and de Clerambault's syndrome. G. E. Berrios and N. Kennedy outlined in ‘Erotomania: a conceptual history' (2002)[3] several periods of history through which the concept of erotomania has changed considerably: †¢ Classical times – early eighteenth century: General disease caused by unrequited love †¢ Early eighteenth – beginning nineteenth century: Practice of excess physical love (akin to nymphomania or satyriasis) †¢ Early nineteenth century – beginning twentieth century: Unrequited love as a form of mental disease †¢ Early twentieth century – present: Delusional belief of â€Å"being loved by someone else† [edit] Presentation The core symptom of the disorder is that the sufferer holds an unshakable belief that another person is secretly in love with him or her. In some cases, the sufferer may believe several people at once are â€Å"secret admirers. † The sufferer may also experience other types of delusions concurrently with erotomania, such as delusions of reference, wherein the perceived admirer secretly communicates his or her love by subtle methods such as body posture, arrangement of household objects, and other seemingly innocuous acts (or, if the person is a public figure, through clues in the media). Erotomanic delusions are typically found as the primary symptom of a delusional disorder or in the context of schizophrenia and may be treated with atypical antipsychotics. [edit] Historical examples |[pic] |This section does not cite any references or sources. | | |Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and | | |removed. (February 2010) | The assassination attempt of Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. was reported to have been driven by an erotomanic delusion that the death of the president would cause actress Jodie Foster to become infatuated with him. Late night TV entertainer David Letterman and retired astronaut Story Musgrave were both stalked by Margaret Mary Ray. [edit] In popular culture Examples of de Clerambault's syndrome (erotomania) in fiction include Ian McEwan's novel Enduring Love,[4] and the French films Anna M. (2007) and Laetitia Colombani's A la folie†¦ as du tout (2002), starring Audrey Tautou. The band Dream Theater has a song titled â€Å"Erotomania†, which is the first of a three part suite titled A Mind Beside Itself. The condition of erotomania formed the basis of the plot for the episodes â€Å"Somebody's Watching† and â€Å"Broken Mirror† of the television series Criminal Minds. Erotomania also formed the basis of the plot of the 2006 film Borat. Throughout the fi lm, Borat travels from Khazakstan in an attempt to find his â€Å"love† pahmeela anderson. At the end of the film, when Borat finds pahmeela, he attempts to kidnap her in large burlap bag [5]. [edit] See also †¢ Delusion †¢ Delusional disorder †¢ Love addiction †¢ Monomania †¢ Psychosis †¢ Schizophrenia †¢ Stalking †¢ Yandere †¢ Play Misty For Me Media Examples †¢ Enduring Love (film) †¢ He Loves Me†¦ He Loves Me Not (film) †¢ Wire in the Blood, Season 3 Episode 3 †¢ Fatal Attraction Erotomania Erotomania can be defined as a psychological disorder in which the afflicted relentlessly pursues the notion that the object of his/her affection reciprocates his/her romantic feelings and/or fantasies. This obsession with the desired individual continues long after that individual has asserted that he/she is not interested in pursuing a romantic relationship with the afflicted. Consequently, erotomaniacs tend to stalk their victims. It has been postulated that those who stalk suffer from a basic fault in their capacity to have relationships with others. (Lipson et al. , 1998). Though brought to light with the Tarasoff case, Erotomania continues to be considerably new in the literature and consequently little research has been done to suggest any consistent hypothesis as to causality. Characteristic of the erotomaniac (generally across the board) are the following: irrationality, a tendancy toward impulsive actions, obsessiveness, paranoia, psychotic tendancies. Typically the erotomaniac shares certain behavioral characteristics consistent with that of a Borderline. The erotomaniac tends to begin with simple, subtle expressions of affection to reach the object of his/her desire which later spirals out of control and can lead to expressions of anger, rage, frusteration and violence when such gestures go ignored and the victims continues to assert lack of interest. Strangely the erotomaniac fails altogether to see the victim's lack of interest. The erotomaniac attributes lack of positive response to a litany of things. In the case of my stalker, Louise attributed her ex-husband (my boyfriend) taking a restraining order out against her to a belief that somehow I was behind the scenes manipulating him to do so in order to keep him from â€Å"recognizing his love for her† and â€Å"going back to her†. Louise also wrote constant letters saying she knew I â€Å"had to be pregnant† because she didn't know why else he wouldn't be returning her calls and answering her threatening letters. Finally, the erotomaniac is psychotic and no longer in reality. Any reaction from the victim can be construed as a signal of approval. Returning to the case of my stalker, Louise believed the act of my boyfriend taking a restraining order out against her was somehow indicative of encouragement to continue to call and visit him and so she did continue, persisting even after countless arraignments, community service and jail time. †¢ Erotomania Erotomania is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that another person, usually of a higher social status, is in love with them. Erotomania is also called de Clerambault's syndrome, after the French psychiatrist Gaetan Gatian de Clerambault who published a comprehensive review paper on the subject (Les Psychoses Passionelles) in 1942. History Early references to the condition can be found in the work of Hippocrates, Erasistratus, Plutarch and Galen. In the psychiatric literature it was first referred to in 1623 in a treatise by Jacques Ferrand (Maladie d'Amour ou Melancolie Erotique) and has been variously called â€Å"old maid's psychosis†, â€Å"erotic paranoia† and â€Å"erotic self-referent delusions† until the common usage of the terms erotomania and de Clerambault's syndrome. Berrios and Kadinksy (see references) have outlined several periods of history through which the concept of erotomania has changed considerably: †¢ Classical times – early eighteenth century: General disease caused by unrequited love †¢ Early eighteenth – beginning nineteenth century: Practice of excess physical love (akin to nymphomania or satyriasis) †¢ Early nineteenth century – beginning twentieth century: Unrequited love as a form of mental disease †¢ Early twentieth century – present: Delusional belief of â€Å"being loved by someone else† Contemporary syndrome The core of the syndrome is that the affected person has a delusional belief that another person, usually of higher social status, is secretly in love with them. The sufferer may also believe that the subject of their delusion secretly communicates their love by subtle methods such as body posture, arrangement of household objects and other seemingly innocuous acts. The object of the delusion usually has little or no contact with the delusional person, who often believes that the object initiated the fictional relationship. Occasionally the subject of the delusion may not actually exist, although more commonly subjects are media figures such as pop stars, actors and politicians. Erotomania has been cited as one cause for stalking or harassment campaigns. The assassination attempt of Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. was reported to have been driven by an erotomanic delusion that the death of the president would cause actress Jodie Foster to publicly declare her love for Hinckley. Author and Booker Prize winner, Ian McEwan based the novel Enduring Love around the theme of a science writer who is harassed by an erotomanically deluded person. The book claims to be based on a real case report which is included in the appendix of the book, although this case report is, in reality, also fictional. The term erotomania is sometimes used in a less specific clinical sense meaning excessive pursuit of or preoccupation with love or sex. Erotomanic delusions are typically found as the primary symptom of delusional disorder, or in the context of schizophrenia. See also †¢ delusion †¢ delusional disorder †¢ paranoia †¢ psychosis †¢ schizophrenia

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Planning - Essay Example What is the most important way to make a volunteer feel included? a. Trust b. Shaking hands c. Saying hello d. A compliment 2. Which of the following is not a good quality of a strategic plan? a. Decisive action b. Courage c. Leadership d. Aggression 3. We should always__all of our outcomes to the best of our ability. a. Forget b. Measure c. Ignore d. Hide Answers 1. a. Trust 2. d. Aggression 3. b. Measure The Strategic Plan A Strategic Plan is a predetermined course of action. It is made up of many different key players, elements, and challenges that can benefit any nonprofit management source. There are many approaches that can be used depending on the exact focus of the entire organization. â€Å"The specific size of the organization can also be a very important factor to consider when studying or designing any type of plan for the most efficient company possible† (Drucker, Peter F., p. 122). Compared to profit organizations, nonprofit companies are basically designed becau se they would not exist if it was not for the essential need. The service being offered from the nonprofit organizations are usually created out of the fundamental ethics of the creator or or founder. As the profit companies are usually made as a money generating system, the nonprofit organizations are made for service in hopes of creating enough money to continue the operation. â€Å"The nonprofit organization also hopes for as much agreement and compliance with all of its associations so they will completely understand the companies mission† (Gruber, Robert E.; Mohr, Mary.p. 109). Importance of Strategic Planning Strategic planning is always considered of the utmost importance to all nonprofit organizations. It is the basic and core plan that completely holds the entire organization together and gives it a support system for all of its employees. Without a basic strategic plan there is no possible way that any kind of organization can even attempt to survive as a growing co mpany in our nation. The plan is the foundation to everything the organization does and stands for. There is no if, and, or but to what is stated in the plan. A good plan will never allow for any corners to be cut and will be in complete acceptance with all of the members. If for any reason there is who disagrees with the plan, there will have to a major decision made to either resolve the matter on a personal level or to even revise the plan in more severe cases. â€Å"If no agreement can be reached there will have to be further measure to remove the disagreeing person from his position† (Hume, Craig; Hume, Margee, p. 98). Key Players to Implement the plan There are many key players in that are involved in implementing a solid plan for any company. To begin with there should be â€Å"strategic audits†, â€Å"portfolio management†, and â€Å"product line pruning†. â€Å"The basic program portfolio must always be managed as a totality, and never as indivi dual isolated programs† (Worth, Micheal J. p. 37). There should also always be a complex investigation method, analysis, and use of technique methods that are formally incorporated into the basic plan. These methods will be used to communicate the plan with any individual that will need to fully understand all of the details involved. In addition, there will also have to be many financial arrangements that can be made as simple as possible and arranged in a very neat format. â€Å"These key players should be made known, and should

Database Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Database Systems - Assignment Example A distributed request refers data from several different data processor sites. Each request can access data from many sites where a transaction access several data sites. Similar to requests, transactions can also be categorised as remote and distributed. A remote transaction is composed with several requests but accesses data in a single data processor site. A distributed transaction allows referring several local and remote data processor sites where an individual request can refer data in single location but the entire transaction will refer several sites to complete the transaction. Question 2 Most of these problems occur due to data transformation incompatibilities and conventions used. With in the different divisions of an organization, operational data may vary in terms of how they are recorded or on the data type and structures used. For an example if we take a sales company the Customer service division may use ‘pending’,’ active’, ‘inactiveà ¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘cancelled’ but Audit division may use number tags such as 1, 2, 3, and 4. For same two divisions they may use different conventions for entering customer phone number to the database. For an instance where the phone number can be entered as 091-3453489 by Audit division and the Customer services division enters it as 0913453489.

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions Essay

Economies, Markets and Strategic Decisions - Essay Example It affects almost our entire lives, from the quality of our lives, our health and well-being; it determines not only our choice of transportation means but also our choice of work, and status2. Oil also affects our economic well-being, family structure, choice of friends and status in the society. It is with no wonder that, All things being equal an increase in the demand of a commodity will increase the price in the short run and supply in the long run. This is certainly true, for the short period in the case of an ordinary commodity. In the case of oil, the number is highly dependent on the availability of reserves. In the case of commodity, an increase in price would ensure an increase in supply which would serve to check the rise in price. Production on a larger scale leads to improved methods of production, and a fall in price below its original level. In the case of housing, no such reaction is possible3. There is nothing, to restrain the price (and the rent) of housing from rising indefinitely without limit, if the demand continue to increase. Conversely, if the demand for houses falls off, there is nothing to check the consequent fall in price and rent. In the case of ordinary commodities, supply would be diminished, because most things are either consumed4. 1.2 Demand and Supply Forces determining the price of Oil Over the last thirty years, OIL prices have risen in real terms by around 2 ' % a year and according to HM Treasury (2003) report this stands in contrast to other European countries such as Sweden, France, and Germany where real house prices have decline or remain relatively constant. In a study conducted by Guri (2003), it was postulated that low oil supply responsiveness must have contributed in greater trend increase in real oil prices in the world before the outbreak of the credit crunch that started at the end of the year 2007. According to Kuenny et al. (2007), paradoxically, while there is a problem associated with a shortage of hydrocarbons, there is also a problem associated with their superabundance which results in the release of carbon emissions into the atmosphere producing a dramatic impact on climate (Kuenny 2007). Kuenny (2007) stipulates that, the latter problem appears more important than the former, geopolitical crises, which may be generated by a shortage of hydrocarbons, appear to influence public opinion more than progressive climate change. Unless new energy fields can be Figure 1 and Two From Figure one above, an increase in the demand for oil from D1 to D2 has not been matched by a corresponding increase in the supply of oil. Oil are not like ordinary commodities. This has forced up price for oil from P1 to P2. This is because with the present state of the world economy, market, higher demand is translated into higher prices than supply. With the government weak oil supply in the previous years, and it inability to assume responsibility to increase the number of oil reserves, prices will continue to increase As supply becomes more elastic over time, assuming the conditions of demand remain unchanged, we expect to see downward pressure on prices and a further increase in the equilibrium quantity of oil bought and sold5.Because of the time lags and resources

Effects of the Light Wavelengths Pea Germination Essay

Effects of the Light Wavelengths Pea Germination - Essay Example The difference in light wavelength is possible by use of light filter papers that will only select required wavelength. The experiment done and that forms the basis of this paper is a reflective of the phenomenon. Five pots were used to grow the pea in different light wavelength and then the masses of the pea in the different pots taken. The plants were then placed in an oven (80 degrees centigrade) and the masses of the dry weight of the pea observed and weighed. The results of the experiment show the different activities of the light wavelength on chlorophyll element of the plant, which is responsible for the absorption of light for photosynthesis. Introduction The main aim of the experiment is to ascertain the portion of the light spectrum that is absorbed the most in the leaves by chlorophyll. Apparently, it is known that the light wavelengths are best absorbed at the red and blue region (Toole, Toole, & Toole 1999, p. 132). The light wavelengths are measured in units called Nano meters (nm). In this case, the light wavelengths are best-absorbed 670nm and 500nm in the red and blue region respectively (Mauseth, & Mauseth 2009, p.92). It is therefore hypothesized that much growth occurred in the pots with the red and blue wavelength. Plants grown in the green wavelength environment are therefore expected to poorly perform since they are poorly absorbed to facilitate the process of photosynthesis. At this point of light wavelength absorption, the chlorophyll a and b are responsible for the absorption. There are other accessory pigments that helps absorb light wavelengths that do not fall within the active wavelength. An example of these acce ssory pigments the carotenoid.... There are other accessory pigments that helps absorb light wavelengths that do not fall within the active wavelength. An example of these accessory pigments the carotenoid (Mauseth, & Mauseth 2009, p. 98). The diagram below shows the absorption of light wavelength in the spectrum by the chlorophyll. (McDonald 2003, p. 116) Methodology Since the aim of the experiment was to establish the effects of the light wave length on germination of the pea plant, several batches of the plant were taken and simultaneously grown in the different light wavelengths. These included the red light, the green light, white light and the rest grown in the dark. The white light in this case was used as the control for the experiment. After germination of the pea, a close and careful observation of the seedlings was done and the salient features noted. In the batches of the pea that were grown in the different light wavelength, Vertical heights of the five tallest seedlings were taken and the average taken. Precision was taken to ensure that the measurement reflects the accurate length of the seedlings-measurement was started at the vermiculite/soil level. The seedlings in the white pot whose average was found were then taken out of the pot. The process was done carefully to ensure that no disturbances were caused on the roots of the plant. Any vermiculite/soil that was left on the roots were also carefully removed. A labeled piece of red paper was then placed in the tare key to set the zero balance, this was particularly important in ensuring that the precise weight of the seedlings was recorded. The five seedlings from each of the pots with the peculiar wavelength were taken through the procedure and finally weighed and the units recorded-this was regarded as taking the wet

The Role of Social Media as a PR Tool Research Proposal

The Role of Social Media as a PR Tool - Research Proposal Example The paper tells that the choice of the social media platform as a component of the public relation strategy for VIVA is based on strong grounds. It does not only bring together friends, families, colleagues and acquaintances together but also strangers in remarkable number through its networking characteristic. Â  It is important to note that, in Bahrain, Internet is available to 961,228 users or about 77% of the entire population. The statistics place the country as a regional Internet leader, besting most countries in the Middle East in terms of subscription, usage and freedom of access. This underpins how the social media enjoys strong popularity in the country, figuring prominently in recent upheavals such as the 2013 unrest. Depending on the point of view, such role could be positive or negative. But, for the purposes of this paper, this role is most certainly beneficial. It highlights the potency of social media as a communication tool and its ability to persuade or influence VIVA’s market to action. This proposal is divided into four parts: the objectives of the study, the literature review, methodology and the method of analysis. The first section outlines four proposed research goals. The literature review section cites and analyzes the available sources that cover the theoretical and empirical work on social media and its capability as public relations tool. The materials used include secondary and primary sources, consisted of documents published by the organization as well as books, journals and online content.

MOHG3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MOHG3 - Essay Example The Group, integrated in Bermuda, has its headquarters in Hong Kong. The mission of the Group lies in facilitating customers through the services provided to them. The Group is dedicated towards delivering excellent services through involvement of employees in the process of development of the hotel organisation. The Group emphasises on creating a congenial climate for the employees to facilitate them to perform their activities in an orderly manner. The Group is responsible in focusing their routine works through group activities, inculcating a strong believe amid one another along with contributing towards ensuring effective productivity which would enable the Group to gain reputed success in the competitive market (Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, 2011). VRIN Model Analysis The VRIN Model Analysis is the framework which is adopted on the basis of Resource-based View (RBV). RBV emphasises on theories related to determining competitive advantages of an organisation as well as formulat ing a connection between internal features and competitive advantages of an organisation. The VRIN framework comprises four elements such as valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable along with non-substitutable. These are the resources which are comprehensively used by an organisation in ascertaining their position in a competitive scenario (Talaja, 2012). In this regard, it can be observed that ’valuable’ stands for resources that are used by an organisation for designing strategies which would enable it to develop its effectiveness and efficiency. In this context, it can be stated that the valuable resources are to be taken into account for implementation of strategies in the organisational culture as well in the environment where the organisation eventually functions. Similarly, rare signifies uniqueness. Contextually, it can be stated that resources are required to be unique enough for enabling an organisation to gain greater competitive advantages as compared to the c ompetitors in the market. In reference to the competitors, it can also be stated the competitors generally do not maintain a particular strategy to compete in the market for its sustainability. Thus, it does provide a vivid picture regarding whether or not the valuable and rare resources possessed by an organisation are strong enough to maintain its sustainability in the competitive market. The success of the organisation lies in exploiting the valuable resources effectively in order to sustain competitiveness in the global context (O'Fallon & Rutherford, 2010). Inimitable implies the resources which cannot be simply replicated by the competitors in the market. An organisation and the employees should have the capabilities of preserving the resources so that the competitors are unable to replicate them, which would cause serious harm to the reputation of the organisation. Non-substitutable signifies that the services and the goods supplied by the organisation are exclusive and no ot her organisation can match up to the offered value or quality. An organisation is required to be aware of the situation and look for keeping their competitive position intact by supplying quality products to customers for ensuring its sustainability (Mitchell, 2010). Strategic Strengths and Weaknesses of Madarin Oriental Hotel Group Organisation In Relation To VRIN Analysis From the concept demarcated in the VRIN

Breach of contract - contract law Essay Example for Free

Breach of contract contract law Essay Spanish Contract Law provides a broad notion of breach of contract for any behavior that departs from the specified behavior in the contract in any way (time, quality, substance, etc.) or is not specially justified on legal grounds (actions forbidden by the government are not breaches since they are justified on a legal ground). The general benchmark to determine breach is the contract agreed by the parties themselves, and not external notions. However, external notions are used in important situation such as the consumers market where the consumers expectations are the primary benchmarks to assess quality and performance since there is not an explicit contract. External notions are also important in other market, where a third party may have some duty or responsibility over the contract, and therefore, is responsible (at least in part) for any potential breach. The reason for breach does not exclude the breach. What matters is the breach. The analysis of breach takes place in objective terms. Subjective factors generally do not exclude breach, although they may affect remedies. In certain contractual areas, breach of duty and fault are generally required (professional contracts, management contracts: breach requires violation of a duty of care or a duty of loyalty). In professional contracts, the fault may be of a professional who was in contract with the firm, and in management contracts, it may be the fault of the manager. 2) Remedies: Spanish Contract Law provides a wide range of general remedies for breach of contract: †¢ Specific performance: the court forces the breacher to act as it was established in the contract. If for example, the contract stipulated that the promiser had to give the promisee a product of quality 2 and he delivers a good of quality 1, then as remedy the court force the promiser to deliver a good of quality 2. †¢ Damages: the court force the breacher to pay a certain amount of money  (damages) to the other party as compensation. It is a monetary remedy. The court calculate the amount to be paid. †¢ Liquidated damages: these are also monetary compensation, but with the difference that they are not calculated by the court, but they are instead specified in the contract itself. One example are the soccer players contracts, or sale contracts that specifies the amount to be paid for each day of delay. Other general remedies that we can find are: †¢ Termination: if a party suffers a breach, it can contract with another party and abandon its contractual obligation. If the breacher does not agree with this, court is necessary. †¢ Reduction of prices: in case of breach of a party, a general remedy is to reduce the price to equilibrate the contract. Generally, it is the aggrieved party who chooses the remedy to be imposed. 3) Specific performance: Specific performance is a remedy for breach characterized by the fact that a failed performance or departure from required action by the contract will be imposed upon breaching party. It is also characterized by several material variants of the remedy such as: forced delivery, forced action, injunction not to do, repair defective performance and replace non-conforming good. In the case of the injunction not to do, the court oblige the breacher not to do something, such as obliging a CEO to work for the competition if in the contract it was stipulated that he cannot. Specific performance conceptually includes repair and replacement of consumer goods. The main issue with specific performance, when it is feasible, is the issue of the balance of benefits and costs of the remedy. Specific performance implies that the breacher perform as the contract establishes. However, sometimes, the cost of this performance may be higher than the benefit in social welfare terms. Take the example of the mining firm, which has a contract with the owner of the land to mine for 10 years and then clean the land. When the 10 year pass, the firms breaches the contract and refuse to clean. The cost of cleaning the land is 20 millions, and the benefit for the  owner is 1 million. So if the court imposes a specific performance to firm, society will loose 19 millions. A good alternative would be to impose damages to the firm, which would be preferred by the owner, since an agreement between the firm and the owner will be reached that maximize the social welfare. In these cases, performance may be more costly than its value for promisee: performance may be ex post inefficient. There are both positive and negative features of specific performance as a remedy. As positive features, we can distinguish low informational requirements to apply remedy (avoids cost of error linked to estimating damages) and the party aggrieved by breach appears to be satisfied in its promissory expectation. As negative features, we find performance may be more costly than its value for promisee (performance may be ex post inefficient), requires a court order and takes time, for complex performances requires costly and difficult supervision by court and performance by a party forced to comply with contract may be perfunctory (lowest effort) at best. 4) Damages: Damages are understood as general remedies that can be applied to all types of contracts and breaches of contracts. It is a remedy defined in very broad terms: amount of money to compensate any harm suffered by the injured party as a consequence of any breach of contract. We can differentiate between two kinds of damages: expectation and reliance damages. This is why it is a remedy with a variable extension. Expectation damages: Expectation damages is the sum of money that will give the party damaged the same amount of welfare and utility than if the contract would not have been breached and the final result would have been attained. Therefore, the breach party would have to pay the aggrieved party an amount of money that would compensate for the harm caused and in addition an amount of money equal to the value of the performance for this party. There are however some problems with expectation damages since they are difficult to compute and some instances of moral hazard may appear. Those who seek for damages have to provide evidence of both the existence and amount of damages. This requirement has some exceptions in case of harm in re ipsa: illegitimate use of a productive good, deprivation of a productive good, and few other examples. Expectation damages is the general rule in Spanish Law for breach of contract. It is the damage measure that accompanies termination for breach and the replacement measure of specific performance. It is awarded when there is a breach of representations and warranties, advertising and promotional communications and in cases of pre-contractual fraud that are equivalent to breach of contracts. How can we compute expectation damages? When goods or services admit substitutes or cover transactions to avoid the negative consequences of the other party’s breach of contract, the price of these transactions is relevant. If the seller breaches the contract and the buyer has bought a good, generally fungible, then the expectation damages will be equal to the difference between the price of the substitute and the price established in the contract: Psub-Pc. If the buyer breaches the contract and the seller celebrates a cover sale the expectation damages would be equal to the difference between the price established in the contract and the price of the new sale: Pc-Psub. Other ways of computing expectation damages are the following: Market damages: (for fungible good with market price) buyer will receive expectation damages consisting of the difference between the market price when the breach of contract took place (Pm) and the contract price (Pc). Seller will receive the opposite difference. Expectation damages present some limitations that reduce it scope and amount. One of this limitations is the foreseeability rule. This rule state that the breacher should only be liable for the things that are foreseen or could have foreseen at the time of contracting and that are necessary  consequence of his failure to perform. For instance, if the foreseeable harm of a breach is 100 and the aggrieved party end up suffering a loss of 1000, the foreseeability rule states that damages will amount only to 100. The foreseeability rule gives incentives to give information in the time of contracting. Those who suffer from harm must declare the value of the performance. In tort law, there is no foreseeability rule, you pay the actual damage. Another limitation is the duty to mitigate damages: the aggrieved party is under the duty to mitigate damages that the other contracting party has caused with her / his breach of contract. Reliance damages: Reliance damages: sum of money that will give the party damaged the same amount of welfare and utility than if the contract would not have taken place (the initial situation). This is why reliance damages are generally lower than expectation damages. Reliance damages cover expenses for the injured party derived from concluding the contract, specific investments that the injured party has made in reliance of performance of the contract by the other party and opportunity costs. Limited assets: Damages do not always work well. Sometimes, individuals can bear the payment of these damages, and therefore, they will have incentives to reduce them. However, this is not always the case. When the breacher has not enough assets to pay damages up to the point of optimal care, damages do not work well, because people will not pay for the consequences of their acts, and therefore, their level of care will be the optimal according to what they can pay, and not what they should pay. This is known as judgement proof problem. Damages for pain and suffering: The traditional position of the Spanish Supreme Court and Spanish Courts is: †¢ To accept damages for pain and suffering for breach of contract †¢ To award damages for pain and suffering with a relative amplitude and generosity. †¢ To award damages for pain and suffering with several functions: †¢ To avoid the problems of calculating and justifying the amount of the damage award †¢ To compensate harm in personality rights (right to life, liberty, honor, etc.). †¢ To compensate non-patrimonial values joined to economic goods and rights (discomfort, inconvenience, disappointment, frustration) †¢ To punish intolerable or egregious behaviors of breach of contract. When an individual suffer harm, her utility decreases (she goes form point A to point B, but her utility function for money will not change). If this harm is economic, we can compensate this harm with money, which will leave her at point A again. However, the harm that an individual can suffer may be non-economic, and for the same amount of money her utility decreases (her utility function changes). Money cannot restore the initial utility (a huge amount would be needed). This is the case of pain and suffering (accident and death of a relative, discomfort, etc). This is why it is useless to take insurance for death, since it would not compensate the harm. The hairy hand example: What is the difference between expectation and reliance damage? Lets look at an example. An individual was injured in his hand and lost 50% of his use. He entered in a contract with a doctor who promised to reestablish the hand to a 100% of use in exchange for quantity of money. Before the contract was made, the individual was situated in an indifference curve that related all the  combination of hand use and money that let the individual indifferent. We assume that the individual is willing to give up hand use for money. After the contract and operation, the individual was worse off, with 25% of use. What should the doctor pay as damage? If expectation damages are used, the doctor should pay the individual a quantity of money that together with the 25% of hand use leave him with the same utiity as if the contract had succeded and he had 100% of use (situate him in a higher indifference curve). If reliance damages are imposed, the doctor should pay the individual a quantity of mon ey that, together with the 25% of hand use, leave him with the same utility as if the contract did not take place, with 50% of hand use (situate him in the initial indifference curve). 5) Liquidated damages: Liquidated damages are damages for breach that are not determined ex post breach by a Court or arbitration panel, but ex ante by the contract parties themselves into the contract. Such possibility of â€Å"privately stipulated† remedies for breach is acknowledged by most legal systems, typically in the form of payment of money, although other possibilities may exist. They typically replace Court damages and they can be agreed as added penalty for breach. The most important issue is whether Courts are forced to enforce liquidated damages, or they may disregard, or reduce, the amount of the liquidated damages award. The reasons why Courts allow liquidated damages are: †¢ Freedom of contract †¢ A large liquidated damages clause may be necessary to induce promisee to find promise credible and the contract sustainable. †¢ Parties are in a better position than Courts to assess benefits and costs of determining a given amount. †¢ Liquidated damages compensate systematic underestimation of damages by Courts. If liquidated damages are higher than the expectation damages, then the court will apply the second ones. There are however some economic arguments that may lead to reduce or at least control the level of liquidated damages clauses: †¢ â€Å"Excessive† damages clauses resulting from incorrect predictions or forecasts about future outcomes. †¢ External shocks unforeseen by parties that produce an unexpected increase in the damages payment. †¢ True â€Å"uncertainty† about future costs for one party. †¢ Behavioral biases that lead party to underestimate the true adverse impact of a damages clause (the â€Å"deferred cost problem†): †¢ Over-optimism concerning future performance and costs (the example of the gym) †¢ Hyperbolic discounting of future outcomes We can see the liquidated damages as barriers to entry. An excessive amount of LD is beneficial for the parties to the detriment of a third party who  may bid for the services of breaching party. Promisor agrees to pay an amount larger than ED, in exchange of higher price. Promisee uses high liquidated damages to extract larger payment from a third party interested in performance by promisor: larger payment from third party increases the surplus to the contract parties, that is shared between them. Also, excessive payment of third party are made possible by excessive damages clauses, which reduce efficient entry by third parties, and prevents them from successfully bidding for promisor’s performance. That is why the goal of reducing â€Å"excessive† liquidated damages is not to protect the breaching party, but third-parties. Sometimes, excessive LD for signaling are unwanted, since an unforeseeable contingency may appear that will cause a breach in the contract. A pooling equilibrium may be more desirable than a separating one when the distortion caused by the penalty on the â€Å"good type† is large enough. 6) Termination: Among the general remedies for breach, the last one is termination (or rescission, or cancellation, as it may also be called in Common Law jurisdictions). This remedy entitles the aggrieved party to cancel the contractual relationship with the breaching party, eliminating the obligations arising from the terminated contract. Once the contract is terminated the parties should give back what was received under the contract, unless the goods are now in lawful possession of a third party. In this case, the value of the goods would replace the goods themselves. The elimination of the effects of the contract is retroactive: it is considered that the contract did not exist. Spanish courts have established that termination does not require a lawsuit. However, if the other party disputes the termination or its conditions, restitution would require a lawsuit. Courts do not determine termination, but declare whether termination was or not properly effected by the party. The most contested issue about termination is when is termination available as a remedy. It is clear that not every breach or non-performance allows the  aggrieved party to terminate, but a qualified breach (material or fundamental breach) is required. We can define it as follow: †¢ Relevance: the breach must affect the central obligations or duties under the contract and not merely ancillary or incidental duties. †¢ Duration: the breach should not be merely sporadic or transitory, but likely to be repeated or continuing. †¢ Importance: the breach must substantially affect the interests of the non-defaulting party. Termination does not go alone, it does not exclude damages, and in fact it is naturally accompanied by damages payment.

Conveyor Bases Sorting System Colour Sensor Signal

Conveyor Bases Sorting System Colour Sensor Signal CONVEYOR BASED SORTING SYSTEMÂ  COLOUR SENSOR SIGNAL CONDITIONING Abstract: This report analyses the best strategy for interfacing the colour sensor with the microprocessor by using either Comparators or Analogue to Digital Convertors (ADC) in the process. Focusing mainly on the advantages and disadvantages of these two components, we can conclude which one is more effective and responsive with cost, time taken to process the programme and reliability. Using C programming a microprocessor is programmed in order to detect the colour of the objects passed on the conveyor belt using LDR. Analogue to Digital Convertor (ADC): It is a system that converts the input analogue signals (from a light source or sound signal) to digital output signal by a process called quantization, which is also called as digital signal processing that is the process of mapping a large set of input values to a countable smaller set. Generally, the digital output signal is in binary number that is proportional to the input values. Component parts of ADC: There are seven different components within the ADC that make up the whole processing circuit which includes, Set-Reset latch has 2 inputs and outputs which used as storage element in ADC Clock a constant input signal that fluctuates between high and low and is used coordinate the actions of the circuit. AND gate a basic logic gate which has only high inputs (1) to start the conversion when prompted. Counter an electronic device which stores the number of times something occurred and used directly with the clock signal. DAC to convert the digital signals to analogue output signals when commanded (reverse function of an ADC) DATA latch takes the output of counter as its input and convert the analogue signals into digital outputs. Comparator that compares two voltages or currents and changes its output depending on which is larger. Advantages of ADC: Some benefits of using the ADC in this colour sensor interfacing system with the microprocessor are listed below, Cheap in cost and speed varies to different ADC for example flash ADC is the fastest of all its kind. ADC has higher resolution than using a comparator. Less steps and components when it comes to programming in a microprocessor Clock in ADC keeps the circuit in time and provides a square wave input. Set-reset function allows the circuit to be functioned and keeps it in control. It converts any input voltages, even from 1V to 5V into a digital output (flashing LED from less bright to very bright display) through its built in components whereas in a comparator it is either 0 from 0V to 2V and 1 from 2.5V to 5V. Disadvantages of ADC: Also the drawbacks of using the ADC are, Slow in speed compared to a comparator device as ADC has more component parts than comparator. Each and every parts have to be earthed appropriately. Have to have many inputs into the encoder (for 4 bit outputs 16 input signals and for 5 bit its double the inputs). ADC has several sources of errors like quantization error. These are measured in least significant bit (LSB) Comparator: Comparator is an electronic device that compares the input two voltages or currents and outputs the higher or larger (1) digital signal. It consists of a specialized high -gain differential amplifier which are commonly used in devices that measure and digitize analogue signals, such as Analogue to Digital Convertors (ADC). Comparators are also being installed within analogue to digital convertors (ADC). Advantages of comparator: Using the comparators in the microprocessors in the circuit can have some positive impact on the project. Some of them are, Cheaper in cost when comparing to other devices of amplifying. Comparators does not require an external power source such as additional current or voltage supply since the power comes from the processor. These are in ordinary working condition and very compact and robust model and are very easy to handle. Can be portable as well. Electrical comparators have very less moving parts and the pointer is very light and not sensitive to the vibrations. Disadvantages of comparator: Some of the disadvantages of using the comparators are, Heating of coils in the measuring unit may cause zero drift and can alter the calibration. If only a fixed scale is used with a moving pointer then with high magnifications a very small range is obtained, in this case itll be from 0V to 2V its low (0) and from 2V to 5V its high (1). Conclusion: Using an Analogue to Digital Convertor would be the possible solution in this colour sensor operating system as there are more benefits from ADC than Comparator. Since ADC has higher resolution and uses two registers to record the values from their 10 bits of inputs, it is more reliable and accurate with a few quantization and bubble errors. Comparator is one of the parts in ADC and it can only be used to differentiate two or less objects as it has a maximum of two outputs but ADC has plenty. Therefore, with ADC we can identify the three different coloured objects through this colour sensor.

macbeth :: essays research papers

Developing (or dynamic) character. A character who during the course of a story undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of his/her personality or outlook. Static character. A character who is the same sort of person at the end of a story as s/he was at the beginning. Lady Macbeth "They met me in the day of success: and I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge" (1.5.1-3). Lady Macbeth is reading the letter in which Macbeth tells of his meeting with the witches. After she has read the letter, Lady Macbeth is determined that she will make the witches' prophecy come true. She prepares herself to work her husband into a murderous state of mind. She also gets hereself into a murderous state of mind, crying out, "Come, you spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty!" (1.5.40-43) When Macbeth arrives, she advises him to put on an innocent face in front of the King and to leave the rest to her. [Scene Summary] See, see, our honour'd hostess!" (1.6.10). Thus King Duncan greets Lady Macbeth at the gates of Macbeth's castle. In a display of consummate hypocrisy, Lady Macbeth gives a warm welcome to the man she is planning to murder. [Scene Summary] While King Duncan is having supper in Macbeth's castle, Macbeth steps out to think about the plan to kill the King. When Lady Macbeth finds Macbeth, she exclaims, "He has almost supp'd: why have you left the chamber?" (1.7.29). Then, in order to keep Macbeth committed to the murder plan, she verbally assaults his courage and manhood. This is the scene in which she brags that if she had made a vow to do a murder, she would follow through. Even if it were her own baby, she "would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you / Have done to this" (1.7.56-59). In a few minutes, Macbeth sees things her way. [Scene Summary] Banquo tells Macbeth that the King has been very pleased with the hospitality shown to him, and that "This diamond he greets your wife withal, / By the name of most kind hostess" (2.1.15-16).

Effects of Industrialization in 1700 - 1850 Essay -- American European

Effects of Industrialization in 1700 - 1850 Industrialization occurred in many countries, each taking a different approach to the implementation of new machinery and technology. The most notable for leading the way in industrialization is Britain. Industrialization not only made dramatic changes in the economic structure of countries but also in the social and political areas of countries. Industrialization led to much upheaval, especially socially since the whole way of life was changing. The emergence of the working class and the growing divide between classes also meant that a new political and economic structure was developed: capitalism. Industrialization began in Britain since there was a large supply of coal and steel and it was seen as one of the greatest colonial powers, thus allowing it to gain the capital and market needed to industrialize. Since Britain led the way for industrialization, it could be seen to epitomise the effects that it had on countries. One of the social effects that industrialization had was that the ‘rhythm of life changed’ . Pre-industrialization, people were based mainly in rural areas. However, when the enclosure of land became popular in the 1760’s, farmers who were tenants began to be pushed of the land. This along with the establishment of new urban towns and cities meant that people started to move away resulting in ‘English peasant villages being destroyed’ . Land enclosure was only one reason why people moved to the new urban areas. The other was the fact that new machinery was making families handicrafts of little commercial value, meaning that they were not able to survive on the money they made. This meant that the promise of a rise in wages appealed to a great many people in the rural areas, resulting in yet more change for the population With industrialization came a new family structure, the nuclear family. This was in complete contrast to the previous way people interacted with each other, but fitted perfectly into the nameless society, which had developed. The pre-industrial villages were very close knit since most of the textile and agricultural industry revolved around the home, with everyone participating in some way to the production of consumer goods. The nuclear family was very unlike this... ...freedom from agriculture, meaning that more people could undertake ‘professional’ jobs such as doctors and lawyers. This was unlike that of the time pre-industrial, because then the basis of society was the worker and owner, now society had the employer, the employee, and the professional. Industrialization also changed the world economic system because places like China and India who, previous to industrialization, had been one of the main manufactures for the world were now being left behind since they could not produce goods as cheaply as industrialized countries. Bibliography J.M. Roberts, The Pelican History Of The World, Pelican, 1986 T.S. Ashton, The Industrial Revolution 1760-1830, Oxford University Press, 1970 P. Gregg, A Social and Economic History of Britain, Harrap, 1971 G. Rude, Revolutionary Europe 1783-1815, Fontana/Collins, 1980 P. Mathias, The First Industrial Nation, Methuen&Co Ltd, 1972 M.J. Daunton, Progress and Poverty, Oxford University Press, 1995 P. Lane, Documents on British Economic and Social History 1750-1870, 1972 G. Warner, Marten and Muir, The New Groundwork of British History, Balckie&son, 1968

The Meaning of Heritage in Alice Walkers Everyday Use Essay -- Everyd

The Meaning of Heritage in Alice Walker's Everyday Use  Ã‚      Alice Walker's "Everyday Use," is a story about a poor, African-American family and a conflict about the word "heritage." In this short story, the word "heritage" has two meanings. One meaning for the word "heritage" represents family items, thoughts, and traditions passed down through the years. The other meaning for the word "heritage" represents the African-American culture. There are three women in this short story, two sisters and their mother. One of the sisters is named Maggie and the other is named Dee. Maggie and her mother believe that the word "heritage" deals with their family?s traditions. These traditions are the only ones they have ever known and/or cared about. Dee, on the other hand, believes that "heritage" is about African culture, and she wants nothing to do with her family?s heritage until it is in style. Throughout "Everyday Use," there are examples that show Maggie and her mother have knowledge about their family?s heritage. There are also examples that show Maggie and her mother cherish their family?s heritage and Dee does not. Next, there are examples that show Dee is not concerned with her family?s heritage until it becomes stylish. Finally, there are examples that show Dee embracing her African-American heritage instead of her family?s heritage. The narrator of "Everyday Use" is the mother, and the story opens with Maggie and her mother waiting for Dee to arrive. The mother?s description of her family?s yard, "a yard like this is more comfortable than most people know" (Walker 1149), shows that she is happy and content with her current surroundings. This land is a part of their family?s heritage, and the mother is comfortable l... ...ly?s heritage. So ironically, while Dee is looking for her African-American culture, and it lies right in front of her eyes. Her sister, mother, grandmother, and herself are all a part of their family?s heritage, which stems from the African-American heritage that Dee is so desperate to find. Works Cited Allen-Polley, Kathryn. "Dee?s Heritage." Ode to Friendship. Ed. Connie Bellamy. Virginia Wesleyan College, 1998. Baker and Pierce-Baker, Houston and Charlotte. "Patches: Quilts and Community in Alice Walker?s ?Everyday Use.?" Alice Walker: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. Eds. Henry Louis Gates and K. A. Appiah. New York: Amistad , 1993. Callahan, John. "Review of Love and Trouble." Short Story Criticism Vol. 5. (Essay date 1974). Walker, Alice. "Everyday Use." Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Harper Collins, 1991.

English †comparing 1984 & The Handmaid’s Tale Essay

In The Handmaid’s Tale Margaret Atwood puts across the sense of mystery, things that were once there but are no more. She talks about ‘the pungent smell of sweat, shot through with the sweet smell of chewing gum and perfume’ which came from the girls who once watched the basketball matches that were ‘formally played there’. In the first section of this book we get the feeling that the character is quite lost, lost in what once was and not in the here and now. She tells us about the dances that ‘would have been held there’ and the lingering music that she could still hear very faintly. We get the feeling that this women has very little, no personal belongings, no wealth; nothing. The fact that the women in this building were not even allowed to exchange names tells the reader that this is some kind of prison, the women have no freedom they are constantly being watched by the ‘Angels’ likewise in Nineteen Eighty-Four written by George Orwell there is a significant similarity between the ‘Angels’ in The Handmaid’s Tale and the Posters in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Angels watch over the women and in Nineteen Eighty-Four the poster which is described as a ‘one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move.’ Watch over everyone who passes by it. Beneath it the caption read ‘BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU’ giving off the impression that someone, somewhere is watching this middle aged man. The man described on the poster some might say could only be the description of Hitler; ‘a man of about forty-five, with s heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features’ Winston also tells us that the posters were ‘plastered everywhere’ also revealing, like The Handmaid’s Tale that nowhere is safe. Adding to this is the telescreen, which cannot be switched off again may be a sign that someone or something is always watching you, and that you are never alone. Both the Angels and the Posters in these books are very intimidating figures or ‘objects of fear.’ The Angels did not look or talk to the women just stood with their backs to them to show domination. Correspondingly the ‘enormous face, more than a metre wide’ plastered on the walls with the eyes that followed you when you move is also seen as a sign of domination. The two figures show signs of both aggression and great importance, the fact that the Angles will not talk or look at the women tells us that they are seen as more significant than them. In addition to this the fact that there are so many of these posters and the fixating look on the enormous face also shows great discomfort and stress.

Equal Gender Education

Different people have different ideas and opinions as to whether it is more important to educate boys or girls. Some believe that the education of boys is more important than that of the girls, and meanwhile others disagree. In reality, the choice depends on what country, culture, or society we are talking about. In many nations including many Asian countries, tradition demands that men provide the family with income, food, clothing, etc. and women perform the usual household business such as cooking, cleaning, washing, and taking care of children. In such ocieties it seems logical that there is more stress on the priority of men's education rather than women, since it is the male that requires the needed education to succeed, survive, and thrive. It is perceived in these countries that education is not of vital importance to women since they â€Å"are not† supposed to work outside the house, and that their primary duty is to take However in modern societies and nations, the situation differs. Now days more countries are inclined towards modernization. The general moral philosophy of these nations is equality amongst men nd women; therefore, this means equal business, industrial, and occupational opportunities for both the men and women. Based on these facts, it is vital to put of equal stress on the education of men and women for this will insure that females and males perform their tasks professionally and adequately. In my opinion, the edification of men and women has to be equally emphasized because today's technological and economical advanced world require fully educated, experienced, and versatile citizens regardless of their gender. And this can be only achieved through sufficient education of both men and women.

Michael Leunig cartoon “My Former Self” Essay

Leunig deeply values the truth and he questions why people feel that the truth is never good enough. Leunig acknowledges the difference between who we want to be and who we are, he suggests that people strive to unrealistic expectations concerning career, image, relationships etc. and by lying to themselves and everyone around they lose the importance of the truth. Personally I agree that people try so hard to appear how it is thought they should and to be successful, they lose their inner self and who they are. I think that we can get caught up in the race to the top and we end up living a lie about who we really are and what we really value. In Leunigs cartoon My Former Self he suggests people are trying to rid themselves of flaws, recreating themselves to better suit society, sacrificing happiness, disguising themselves to better fit what they want, and some people are even embarrassed of who they really are. Therefore it is presumable that Leunig believes lies are controlling and overpowering peoples values in life. It is shown through Leunigs cartoon, that imperfections are not a respected part of our lives, and people feel that they should do whatever they can to get rid of any flaws. Leunig sees everyone to be striving for perfection, not letting anything get in the way. In the cartoon My Former Self the character goes to the extent of burying the flaws he believes he has. The character recites the imperfections he has insulting his former self as he goes. This is supporting Leunigs view has that people do not accept their own weaknesses or faults as part of their ideal selves. Instead they feel the need to cover or remove them. According to Leunig the desire to be perfect is continually creating lies. In Leunigs cartoon My Former Self it is evident that people are not happy with themselves the way they are and they are willing to go as far as recreating themselves to better suit society. Leunig suggests that some people want to be flawless so badly, they recreate themselves over and over again, lying about who they are, to better suit the values of perfection inflicted upon us. Leunig cartoon states that people can be as silly as creating a funeral for themselves so they can reinvent their personality traits, Leunig shows this through his cartoon My Former Self where a man wearing black is explaining to another man that he is attending the funeral  of his former self, he goes on to describe the flaws of the person he used to be. This segment of the cartoon clearly demonstrates that Leunig does not see the need in sacrificing yourself to be a better person, and by doing so you are lying to yourself and everyone around you about who you really are. When we put so much effort into becoming what we think we want, we sacrifice happiness. It is a constant battle to hide ourselves and it just doesnt seem worth it. Leunig believes that we should not have to pretend to be something were not in order to be happy, it should come naturally. Within the cartoon, this sacrifice for happiness is evident in the illustrations. The whole time the character is talking about his former self, his expression is dim. But as soon as his former self clambers out of the hole, his expression changes and he looks happy. He also refers to his former self as a grinning fool, but why would he grin if he werent happy that way? We are at our happiest when we are being ourselves. Through this cartoon, Leunig is stating that no one should have to pretend to be something theyre not just to be happy, it should come naturally. People lie through their appearances by disguising themselves in a number of ways, hiding what they dont want known. They can disguise how they act, talk, dress etc. to appear different from what they really are. Leunig draws attention to the fact that we sometimes change the outer image of ourselves eg. the way we dress, to change the perception people have of us. Within My Former Self A man is dressed in black because he is attending a funeral, the black attire is supposed to be projecting his emotions of being sombre to anyone looking at him, but when he is questioned on why he is wearing black, he replies that the outer person is sometimes opposite to the inner person, contradicting the message his outer person is sending. Deep down he is happy to be burying his inner self because he was embarrassed by it. He is lying about his emotions, he is not in mourning or upset. He is wearing black because that is what society says you should do at a funeral, it is not how he feels inside. This disconnection between the inner and outer person is another example of leunigs views on the lies we tell and that even when they are not spoken, they can still be intentional and misleading. Leunig has realised that due to the desire to be perfect, people are embarrassed of themselves because of what they think to be flaws. Leunig questions this embarrassment, because the flaws are only human and why should we be embarrassed about who we are? He has portrayed his views through the cartoon My Former Self. There are two sections of the cartoon strip where the character refers to his embarrassment; the first is where he is continuing to insult himself and he refers to himself as the badly designed, embarrassing mess and the second is when his former self is returning and he says to the man with him forgive me, this is so embarrassing. He is ashamed of things that should not matter, like being badly designed. This example is suggesting that we lie to cover things up that are not even worth worrying about. Both these instances support the generalisation that to avoid the embarrassment of imperfection, we lie. Leunigs strong value of truth is demonstrated in his cartoon My Former Self. He has drawn attention to some of the ways people lie everyday, they are constantly trying to rid themselves of flaws, people are recreating themselves to better suit society, are sacrificing happiness, they are disguising themselves to better fit what they want, and some people are even embarrassed of who they really are. In conclusion Leunigs cartoon supports the notion that a lie is a constant battle that isnt worth fighting because the truth is always stronger. His final message within this cartoon is that no matter how many lies you tell, and no matter how far you push your inner person away, the truth will always come out. Bibliography: Goatperson, Michael Leunig

Academic Strategies for the Business Professional Essay

Academic Strategies for the Business Professional course was great for helping me develop into a very decent student. It was a great class with lots of information for school learning and use in the career field. It has assisted me to learn to use better time management skills. The more I use these skills the less stressed I will be. As I use the different styles of time management, it helps me determine which tool works the best for each activity I am doing. This also has helped me in my personal life. As I juggle school, kids, work, laundry, cleaning and a multitude of things that just pop up time management has become most important. It has allowed me the ability to work fulltime, go to school and still spend time with my family. My family is my number one priority! This class has been a blessing in disguise because it has helped me in many ways to still have that desired time. This course was able to show me a better me. I did not know how I learned the best until we had to take some quizzes in Unit 2 reading. According to EducationPlanner.org, I am an auditory/visual learner. I use all three types of learning. The one I scored the least in was tactical, which for me is true. I do use that the least. When I learn I like a visual example first, then auditory if, I do not understand it. Being able to see something physically done at least once is the most helpful to me. Depending on the situation, I find it helpful to be talked through it while doing it. Mostly though I find that just being shown how to do something while I do, it is the best learning style for me. This will make me a better candidate in the business world because I know my strengths and weakness and will be able to apply myself in a productive manner. This course is a wonderful learning experience and I hope all my classes are like this. As I go forward in my educational goal, I will use all the neat tricks and skills we have been exposed to. My education is my short-term goal and I will mostly use SRI that we learned about in Unit 6 reading to help me with studying. (pg.4) I will also use the note taking skills also addressed in Unit 6. I am use to the outline system but I really like the Cornell System that I never knew existed until this class. (pgs. 6 and 8) I will have to start using the writing skills to my advantage in the future to ensure a great grade and hopefully a very enjoyable job in the future. As I work towards my long time goal, the S.M.A.R.T. goal setting system is going to be my new comrade. It is easy to write up and break down the goal into smaller pieces. (pg. 6) Without this skill I would be going, â€Å"I do not know what I want to do in the future.† This skill helped me figure out my short-term and is helping work on the long-term. It is not fully there yet but it is always a work in progress. Once you finish one goal, you tend to start another. References EducationPlanner.org http://www.educationplanner.org/students/self-assessments/learning-styles.shtml Unit 6 Reading page 4, 6, & 8 Unit 7 Reading page 6

The challenges facing kindergarten teachers to deal with children whom Essay

The challenges facing kindergarten teachers to deal with children whom English is an addtional language - Essay Example I preferred these types of questions because they are useful in obtaining in-depth information on the research question. I purposely chose my participants based on two primary characteristics: 1) Were they teachers of kindergartens and 2) do they deal with children whom English is the second language. Upon introducing the research questions to a respondent, I gave out recent experiences of other teachers in other parts of the country along with the structured open-ended questions. The only delimitation in this data collection is that, the open-ended questionnaire did not collect the respondents’ first name, phone number, and the email address. In this case, I am unable to contact the respondents after the interview. Majority of the respondents were females. The females were 17 whereas the males were seven. Studies indicate that many people expect feminine touch from a kindergarten teacher (Rimer, 2003). Men keep away from this job because it offers low pay and continues to tag the profession as women’s work. The few men that teach kindergartens are regarded as insufficiently masculine, gays or even pedophiles! Majority of the respondents had a class size of 16 to 25 children. Four respondents had a class of 1 to 15 pupils, seven respondents had a class of 25 to 35 pupils, and the rest had a class of 16 to 25 pupils. Kindergartens prefer a medium classroom size, of about 20 to 30 students. According to studies, teachers of medium sized classes can increase learning and narrow the achievement gap between ethnic and racial groups (Haimson, 2003). Pupils whom English is an additional language assigned to medium sized classes have been proven to achieve English language proficiency, receive better grades, and exhibit improved attendance (Haimson, 2003). Despite students with EAL benefiting a lot from medium-sized classrooms, most of them are more likely to be enrolled in bigger classes, say over 25 pupils. Experts believe medium sized

Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microsoft - Essay Example Microsoft name is a combination of the word â€Å"Microcomputer Software†. It is founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico on April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. They used to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. The company is on the Fortune 500 list of companies as of 2005 (Wikipedia, 2006). Secure wireless networking: When wireless networking started several years ago, it was called as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). The WEP was not providing the privacy equivalent of a wired network. WEP is easy to crack. WPA or WiFi Protected Access was created in 2003 to overcome the privacy issues of WEP. In 2004, the third generation of wireless networking encryption, known as WPA2 came along. 64-bit, multiple-core computing: The 32-bit microprocessors are replaced by the 64-bit microprocessors in 2005 and these microprocessors can handle twice the data than the earlier version of 32-bit microprocessors. In addition, they can handle particularly more memory. That will be important for businesses with huge databases. The new 64-bit chips also can handle 32-bit programs natively. That means 32-bit programs will continue to run. Most likely, all of the programs today are 32-bit. Microsoft Windows Vista: Microsoft plans to introduce Windows Vista by the end of 2006. Vista will offer improvements on XP in a number of areas. High-speed Internet connections have become more common today. Web services: Recently, Bill Gates announced that Microsoft plans to put Office and other applications online. When Microsoft acts, the technology has arrived. Look for more Web services from Microsoft in 2006 (Komando, 2006). Microsoft commands a larger share of the desktop PC software market than any other company in the world. Its Operating System Windows is installed on more than 93% of desktops worldwide. Macintosh and Linux are considered as the two closest OS

Week 6 Discussion Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 6 Discussion - Personal Statement Example Jobs was of the view that the greater the effort and the longer the time you put out into developing something, the greater will the productivity be. In a 1996 PBS Documentary, Triumph of the Nerds, Jobs said, â€Å"We have always been shameless about stealing great ideas† (Isaac, para.7). Hence, through his utilization of great ideas, he brought a revolution in the world of technology. â€Å"Start it and stick with it; change the world,† was Steve Job’s message to the world (Isaac, para.1). His most important trait was commitment to his work. He stuck with his ambition; and, due to his great efforts, now every single person has a mini-computer in his pocket in the shape of smart phone. Hence, it can be said that Steve Jobs was the most successful leader in the tech world, who invented a myriad of great devices and gadgetry through commitment and determination. He revolutionized the concept of leadership, and introduced such exquisite devices that the world will thank him for

Objectives Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Objectives Assignment - Essay Example 1. As a result of screening and educating the vulnerable persons and people with pre diabetes, 50% of the Native Americans will adapt to a healthy lifestyle changes, thereby reducing the new incidents of diabetes according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (Affective) 2. As a result of facilitating and encouraging the individuals with family history of diabetes and obese individuals for regular, moderate physical activity, Native Americans will be able to reduce new incidents of diabetes by 50% according to the American Diabetes Association (Klein et al, 259). (Psychomotor) 3. As a result of early detection and professional treatments, American Indians can prevent 70% of the incidents of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic related renal failure according to the National Health Institute. (Cognitive) 4. As a result of increasing the availability and the accessibility of professional health care services, Native Americans will be able to prevent complications of diabetes by 50 percent according to the findings of the National Health Institute. (Cognitive) 5. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) American Indians will be able to prevent more than 50% of the new incidents of diabetes as a result of reducing body weight and maintaining healthy weight throughout the life. (Psychomotor) 6. According to the American Diabetes Association due to introduction and implementation of national policies related to dietary and lifestyle changes, Native Americans can effectively reduce new incidents of diabetes by 30% (Klein et al, 260). (Cognitive) 7. Considering the findings of the vast number of researches conducted on American Indians for 30 years, American Natives will be able to reduce new incidents by 25% as a result of consumption of low fat and low caloric diet (Yancy et al, 769). (Psychomotor) 8. As a result of the awareness programs

Bhakti and Karma in the Bhagavad Gita Research Paper

Bhakti and Karma in the Bhagavad Gita - Research Paper Example In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Shri Krishna specifies another path for the human race to achieve salvation: â€Å"The Path of Bhakti† or â€Å"Bhakti Yoga†. The term â€Å"Bhakti† refers to devotion. In other words, deep and intense love is known as â€Å"bhakti† and the devotees who worship the Supreme Lord through the expressions of bhakti are called â€Å"bhaktas†. Spiritual seekers who are able to maintain their focus fixed on the Lord and who always worship Him with undaunting devotion and concentration, are able to attain perfection in their pursuits. In the words of the Lord â€Å"Those who worship Me as the Indestructible, the Undefinable, the Unmanifest, the Omnipresent, the Unthinkable, the Primeval, the Immutable, and the Eternal,†.Restraining their senses, if these devotees are able to maintain their composure in all circumstances of life and consistently work for the betterment of mankind, they are successful in attaining the Supreme Lord.Persons who submit their actions to Lord Krishna, who sincerely meditate on him, pray religiously to Him, whose minds are concentrated upon Him and whose thoughts center only around Him, are blessed with the mercy of the Lord. Lord Shri Krishna advises Arjuna and thus to the entire mankind to practice concentrating his mind and intellect only upon the Lord. If a person is unable to focus his mind following this method, but instead dedicates his life to the service of the Lord and performs all his actions for the sake of the Lord, he will still be able to attain the Supreme Creator.... The Lord gives his own example by saying that there is no action in this Universe which He is compelled to perform neither is there anything left for Him to achieve, yet he is consistently active. If the Lord were to abstain from action, the human race would be faced with chaos and would ultimately be destroyed. A person who does his duties following the Karma Yoga is ultimately able to attain the Supreme Creator. (Klostermaier, 122-123) In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Shri Krishna specifies another path for the human race to achieve salvation: â€Å"The Path of Bhakti† or â€Å"Bhakti Yoga†. The term â€Å"Bhakti† refers to devotion. In other words, deep and intense love is known as â€Å"bhakti† and the devotees who worship the Supreme Lord through the expressions of bhakti are called â€Å"bhaktas†. (Meher Baba). Spiritual seekers who are able to maintain their focus fixed on the Lord and who always worship Him with undaunting devotion and concentrati on, are able to attain perfection in their pursuits. (Klostermaier, 185-186) In the words of the Lord â€Å"Those who worship Me as the Indestructible, the Undefinable, the Unmanifest, the Omnipresent, the Unthinkable, the Primeval, the Immutable, and the Eternal,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (S. p.99; 12.3) Restraining their senses, if these devotees are able to maintain their composure in all circumstances of life and consistently work for the betterment of mankind, they are successful in attaining the Supreme Lord (S. p.99; 12.3). Persons who submit their actions to Lord Krishna, who sincerely meditate on him, pray religiously to Him, whose minds are concentrated upon Him and whose thoughts center only around Him, are blessed with the mercy of the Lord. The Supreme Creator rescues them from the cycle of life and death. Lord Shri

Alexander Hamilton Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alexander Hamilton - Research Paper Example III. Education and Work An introduction and analysis of the education and work of Alexander Hamilton is taken up in this section. VI. Influence on the U.S. Alexander Hamilton’s crucial role in and influence on the U.S. is revealed through the analysis in this section. V. Conclusion Apart from concluding the paper in general, this section gives a significant hint about why he was forgotten in the history of America. It also gives details about the historical importance of the role played by Alexander Hamilton. Alexander Hamilton I. Introduction Alexander Hamilton (1755  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ1804), the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, was born a British subject in the British West Indies and he served as lieutenant-colonel and aide-de-camp to George Washington in the Revolutionary army. His crucial role as a Founding Father of the nation, economist, political philosopher, and most importantly the first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury confirms his vital contributions to shaping of the republic. A detailed examination of his life and works will essentially draw out how tirelessly and earnestly he fought for the freedom and shaping of the republic in the U.S. ... 1). However, Hamilton’s image in the memory of the American public remains highly overcast and indistinctly negative, due various reasons. In spite of the achievements and contributions he made throughout his life, Hamilton has never been able to capture the hearts of the Americans like other founding members of the republic and he remains as a forgotten founder and statesman of the United States of America. This paper makes a reflective exploration of the life and work of Alexander Hamilton in order to make known the crucial role of this Founding Father of the nation in the shaping of the republic in the U.S. II. Early Life: A. Family As aforementioned, Alexander Hamilton was born in 1755 in the British West Indies, in the remote Leeward Island of Nevis, as the son of James Hamilton, a Scottish merchant of St. Christopher, and Rachael Fawcette Levine, of French Huguenot descent. One of the fundamental factors about the early life of Hamilton is that his birth itself brought c ontroversies as he was born illegitimate under the Danish law. His mother had married a Danish proprietor at her young age and she became ineligible for remarriage when she was granted her divorce from this marriage, under the Danish law. Therefore, Alexander Hamilton was born out of wedlock to his father and mother and the records of his early life are scanty. Similarly, there are debates about the exact year of his birth, whether it was 1757 or 1755. It is also notable that Alexander and his brother James were not eligible for public education due to the illegitimacy of their birth, although Alexander was sent to a Hebrew school for early education. In the year 1768, when he was just eleven years of age, Alexander lost his mother who died of fever. â€Å"Business failures

Human Resources processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources processes - Essay Example Finally, employee and union relations are significant to set up the mutual promise required among constituents in a winning organization (Loesch, L. C. 2005). More and more, human resource management activities performed by managers and employees all through an organization in these areas are imperative to spirited performance. Just as information management, excellence improvement, monetary management, and other functions are becoming dim all through an organization, so is the management of human resources. It's flattering everyone's job to build an organization that learns rapidly, adapts fast to change, is staffed suitably, and performs efficiently. The strength of this addition is represented at General Electric, where "Every attempt of every man and woman in the company is focused on satisfying customers' needs ( Kirkpatrick, D. 2006, 54-59). To frame our orientation in a sensible approach to evaluate teacher performance, this research propose borrowing from the realm of corporate, industrial, and adult training and using Kirkpatrick's (1959a, 1959b,1960a,1960b) four level model of training evaluation. This model of evaluation has been the majority reviewed and practical guide to assessing the efficiency of training in the mature world of work since its beginning in 1959. In this research training and development, Kirkpatrick reviews the model and notes that small of the content has distorted. He still posits that the efficiency of training, and this paper propose teaching, is best assess at four increasingly difficult and precious levels. These are the response level, the learning level, the performance level, and the consequences level (Kirkpatrick, 1959a). The rest of this research will define these levels how every can be used to assess the performance of gurus. Integrating Human Resource Strategy and Business Strategy A main way to attain addition is to recognize and address people-related issues in the usual course of managing the business and as part of the strategic planning procedure. Moreover, human resource issues commendable of management attention are as essential to the success of commerce as marketing, operations, technology, monetary, or any other issues. Nowadays, almost all business issues have people implications; all human resource issues have commerce implications. Furthermore, strategies, counting human resource strategies, may be more or less open, near- or long-term, general or exact, depending on the state of affairs. They give plans for actions that will achieve under attack results under conditions of change. Richard Pascale has distinct plan as "all the things essential for the winning functioning of an association as an adaptive device". Strategies are effectual when significant commerce issues are resolved or turn out to be less significant and are replaced by new up-and-coming issues. In this background, human resource strategies play a dangerous role in formative the ability of a business to manage wanted change. No doubt, human resource staff and operating managers be supposed to work together as partners in defining and addressing commerce issues and their human resource insinuation. An opportunity for addition is