Air Legislation - the Shell Model in Analyzing Human Factors in the Assignment

Air Legislation - the Shell Model in Analyzing Human Factors in the Aviation agreement - Assignment ExampleThe model is derived from the initial letters of its components which atomic number 18 software, hardware, environment and liveware. It places great emphasis on the human element and the role they play in the execution of duties and the interaction with other ports. Since the human cosmos is mainly the obtain of most accidents within the aviation system, the model looks at several factors that interact with the instruments to cause system failure and affect performance (Cacciabue, 2004).The major elements in the model relate to hardware, software, the environment and liveware. in that location are four forms of interfaces. The L-H interface is the interaction between the human operator and the machines in the aviation system. It relates to the refer of human characteristics with the equipment and tools such as designing controls to correspond to sensory or designing seats to compare the human bodies of passengers. The design of displays and controls should indicate proper information that can be easily understood by people so as to reduce the occurrence of errors. Secondly is the L-S interface whose main role is to contribute a link between the liveware and the software. It involves the formulation of software that matches the human users and ensuring that it is possible to implement it. Thirdly is the L-E interface which forms the link between the liveware and the environment. Human operators interact with both internal and external environment and therefore are able to adapt to various situations. Lastly is the L-L interface which relates to links between the central human operator and any other person in the system for execution of activities (HELMREICH, 1991).The aircraft in this incident was on driveway to Lanzarote aerodrome in the Canary Islands from East Midlands the plane which had been subjected to Boroscope Inspections the previous nig ht had not been refitted which resulted to loss of almost all the oil on the flight and the consequential shutdown of bothengines during landing. The crew had to divert to Luton airport due to loss of oil and oil pressure on both engines.

English Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

incline Heritage - Essay ExampleIncrease peoples understanding of the past (Who Are We 2005).The Heritage achieves these goals and objectives by implementing heterogeneous standards, by acting as a national and international champion for the heritage, by giving grants for the saving of historic buildings, monuments and landscapes and maintaining registers for Englands most significant historic buildings, monuments and landscapes. They also advise on the preservation of the historic environment, advertise broader public involvement, and promote education and research. They do these things while still caring for Stonehenge and over 400 opposite historic properties and maintaining the National Monuments Record. The organization also generates income for the benefit of the historic environment.The Heritage has come under contend lately for some of its actions, but at the same time has been lauded for its entertainion of historic buildings. There ar some who believe this protectio n is the noblest and most worthwhile of all the organizations ventures.These national treasures are finite assets that connect the ages, protect our ancestors memories and preserve our heritage. Part of Britains inheritance is all the structures that identify us as Britain.English Heritage has the projection of identifying and protecting thi... This paper will appraise the English Heritage protection system by examining its draft history and its present responsibilities. Along with that aspect, the paper will also show how the Heritage various policies are perceive by the public. It will critique the current aspects and roles of English Heritage and outline opportunities for reform , the continuing reclamation process that was initiated several years ago and continues to take place currently and how those reformations are changing the impudence of the organization. Also considered in the paper will be the groups various accomplishments, technological advancements in the system a nd emerging goals or the organization.Reforming the Organization In 2004, Heritage Minister Andrew McIntosh announced a number of reformation rights for owners of period properties. Theses rights include statutory consultation and a new right of appeal. That these rights had to be announced at all is testify that the reformation process had to be initiated. There have been many groups and individuals through the years calling for a more uncivil and disclosing organization, but the organization seemed to defend itself by ignoring these calls.A study conducted by DCMS in July 2003 declared the following more than four in every five respondents favoured a single unified key out of all heritage assets, and almost 100% supported plans to make the listing process more open (DCMS 2004 pg 2). In considering these groups and individuals calling for the reforms other announcements at the same time concerning the reformation program included the humankind of a new super

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question Assignment - 1

Accounting for last Makers -Discussion Question - Assignment ExampleThe estimates are debited to maintenance and repairs account. When the actual repair happens, the exact amount is course credit to this ledger account. Credit variance in this estimates account means repairs higher and should not be amortized entirely rather charged in this period. Debit variance means the company used less in repairs and such variance is rolls to the coming years Morse, & Wayne, (2015).Machine repair estimates cost are an initial foster that is determined throughout the machine life. The cost is dividing by the number of years the machine will be on service. The annual estimates will then form part of amortization be per year. Finance costs do not form part of estimates.A Major overhaul of a machine is set as a periodic estimate cost. This cost is amortized over the remaining life of the machine. In manufacturing company, it is accounted as a cost of manufactured goods and recorded in the book s as work in progress. An abnormal detail such as fire or floods is not allowable cost estimate.Minor repairs of machinery should be expensed in the year that they were incurred. They are termed as usage variance and should not form part of estimates the actual costs not estimates, in this case, should be subjected to an income of the same

Communication in Emergency Response Research Paper - 1

Communication in Emergency Response - Research Paper ExampleThe important role of intercourse during emergency response remains to transfer information to the relevant individuals in baseball club to make response become quicker and easier. Improvement of the communication systems remains a fundamental purview for ensuring an effective response. During natural disasters like the Hurricane Katrina, minimizing the detrimental effects of the natural disaster would have involved enhancing communication channels between disparate government departments and other stakeholders involved within the calamity.Information had to be transferred to the populations regarding warnings of go up hurricane to ensure the individuals were evacuated in snip. The fundamental goal established by the responsible authorities at the time was ensuring minimization of the suffering and deaths resulting from the effects of the hurricane. This fundamental goal would be achieved through many activities unde rtaken by different organizations. The activities included evacuation of affected individuals, provision of food and other basic needs to the victims, provision of medical checkup services among many others. Many of these activities were aimed at minimizing suffering among the affected populations.Effective communication between the various(a) organizations was therefore essential in ensuring the activities were undertaken effectively. With many organizations undertaking a single activity, like evacuation, lack of communication could slow the process and render the process difficult.

Aviation Cyber Threats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Aviation Cyber Threats - Essay frameworkHowever, there were several laws that were passed in the congress after September 11 terrorist attacks. In the process, a serial of homeland security presidential directives were issued for sustaining domestic security (Vacca, 2009). However, on the other hand, despite an economic exhilaration from September 11 attacks, the aviation industry continues to grow at a rapid pace and is considered as a fundamental transformation. Moreover, there is also a significant change for managing air traffic via net-centric mount (Markarian, Kolle, & Tarter, n.d). The acquisition of this change will replace the traditional approach for controlling air traffic that is constructed on Information technology solutions. By focusing on aviation security, there is a significant development in utilizing computerized systems onboard of an air carrier. Likewise, these systems facilitate high airborne and internally located system connectivity, subprogramal and t ending requirements (Markarian, Kolle, & Tarter, n.d). Moreover, the net-centric ATM connectivity raises concerns for cyber security threats and vulnerabilities. Propagation threats are critical because it is capable of rapidly broadcasting traffic on the Internet along with bypassing intrusion detection systems (Hatahet, Bouabdallah, & Challal, 2010). Likewise, for augmenting the primary phase of work propagation, it uses a hit diagnose comprising of overflowed users i.e. users consuming heavy bandwidth. By identifying users, worm spreads itself at a rapid pace when compared to traditional dissemination worms (Hatahet, Bouabdallah, & Challal, 2010). Moreover, this type of attack saves a considerable amount of scanning time by only fight a visible target. In the context of any cyber threat to an airport, the airport cannot be the primary target, as the Spanair flight JK5022 crash was successful by ace of the contributions from a Malware (Markarian, Kolle, & Tarter, n.d). System Wide Information circumspection (SWIM) that is a program for delivering foundation that is vital for renewing the national airspace system in to an operation that is represented as network-centric (Markarian, Kolle, & Tarter, n.d). Likewise the SWIM is sponsored by the umbrella of SESAR for Europe and in the United states, it is sponsored by NextGen. Commonly, the SWIM program is stated as aviation intranet (Markarian, Kolle, & Tarter, n.d). Likewise, by utilizing publish and subscribe mechanisms, the intranet will deliver a net- centric approach. Apart from all these advantages, there are always cyber threats that are associated with it. As mentioned preliminary about the net-centric approach, that will utilize point to point connectivity, any single vulnerability will pull up stakes in a complete network compromise because of distributed application and network resources. Aviation information systems essential be resilient, redundant, ensure integrity of data and most importa ntly always available. These features are associated with golosh principles that are applicable to operational functions in the aviation industry. For instance, control messages are communicated from the control tower to the pilot, who is one of the crew members on the flight. Any mistake or manipulation in communicated messages may result in a catastrophic event or disaster that may

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Research - Assignment ExampleIn the title VII, different apparitional observances cost head or face coverings, clothes, jewelries as well as other religious items. Hence, it corporation be recognized that wearing headscarf or other religious clothing has been considered as religious observance for purposes of human activity VII (42 U.S.C. 2000e-2) (The function of National Affairs, Inc., Questions and Answers ghostly Discrimination in the Workplace)Answer The religious provide that are mentioned in the Title VII considerably engages undue hardship defense in legal injury of providing required religious accommodation provisions for the employees. The defensive initiative for an employer in the Title VII is provided in order to grant exceptional provisions for the religious beliefs of the employees working under the employer in the workplace (The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Questions and Answers Religious Discrimination in the Workplace)Answer The factors relevant to pro ving undue hardship can be recognized as the type of the workplace, nature and roles of the workers, relevant accommodation cost with respect to run cost and size of the employer as well as the appropriate accommodation requirements of the employees (The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc., Questions and Answers Religious Discrimination in the Workplace)Answer The major issue within the case can be determined as a major concern related to the employment discrimination with regard to the Title VII and its religious observances. According to the case of employment discrimination, the issue rose as an appeal for religious consideration in the police uniform of any Muslim women police officer in the metropolis of Philadelphia. The issue was appealed by Kimberlie Webb to allow wearing of religious garb with her uniform (Third Judicial Circuit, United States tap of Appeals

How The things we use make us part of this world Research Paper

How The things we use make us part of this world - Research Paper eccentricConsequently, anyone hardly recognizes the role played by items they utilize in enhancing the broader picture of globalization and economic advancement (Kalb, Pansters and Siebers 1). This write-up identifies the roles played by diverse persons and the integration of the global populace. Additionally, it discusses issues pertaining to oil from its source in to the pumps citizens visit daily. Fundamentally, policies espouse by different regimes following the culmination of WWII have steered globalization (Kalb, Pansters and Siebers 1). Oil Import to United States Crane, Goldthau & Toman, et al., (5) close together(p) that the U.S purchases 12 million units daily. The U.S consumes about 25% of the total oil produced in the world. However, it only produces 10% of the in effect(p) global production. This indicates that such a fraction is considerable. The sway sector is the major consumer of oil in the U.S. Cordesman and Al-Rodhan (33) indicates that the transport sector consumes 70% of the imported oil. Most oil originates from Canada. However, countries like Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Venezuela and West Africa also get substantially to the imports. The major byproducts of crude oil are gasoline, diesel and oil. These refined fuels are massively definitive in the development of a good transport arrangement. Apparently, continued economic development in the open economies and the emerging countries rely on oil (Cordesman and Al-Rodhan 33). In the global stage, every entity aspires to safeguard her sources of crude oil. This has convey to the establishment of economical treaties to safeguard these strategic interests. The Social life and journey of Oil Numerous products mount from crude oil. A good illustration is gasoline. Canada is the principal source of U.S oil the raw material for the excogitate of gasoline originates from the Albertas oil fields. However, the journey to obtaining gasoline starts with oil exploration. Secondly, drilling and extraction follows (Gorelick 206). a. Exploration, Drilling and stemma of Oil (Gorelick 206). Finding deposits in inhospitable areas is exceedingly expensive and intricate. The next phase of drilling, removal and transporting to the mean market in the U.S pose major environmental, cultural and health problems. Oil companies use advance outside(a) sensing and satellite mapping technologies to locate reserves (Gorelick 210). Additionally, seismic technology assists in identification of pretend reserves. According to Gorelick (210), extraction of oil impacts massively on environment than oil spillage. These impacts incorporate colossal deforestation, chemical substance contagion of both land and water, interference with animal habitats and safety risks to both industry workers and surround communities (Gorelick 210). The oil sector generates more effluents than other industries. Gorelick (210) describes oil as an effluen t containing heavy metals like barium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and mercury. It also contains industrial strength materials. In some cases, the water is 100% more hot than nuclear plants discharge. Oil spillage represents a principal source of contagion. The latest illustration is the adversity witnessed in the Gulf of Mexico (Gorelick 210). Additionally, emissions from wells front a noteworthy environmental contamination. Several health

Rape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rape - Essay ExampleIt is essentially intended to humiliate, demean and harm the victim. In looking at physical results of rape, the victim is often notwithstanding not always choked or strangled at some point during the rape and allow for often suffer from ligature marks around the neck later the rape itselfDue to agonistic penetration, genitals of the rape victim can become swollen and bruised. In addition, bruising around the rectal area can besides become bruised and swollen. Many rape victims are left with STDs after a rape occurs, and often suffer this physical affect for a lifetime. Rape victims, when female may excessively become pregnant after a rape occurs. This often leaves the victim with a decision of whether to desex an abortion or not.A rape victim may also experience trouble urinating after an attack, or may suffer from urinary tract infections. Abdominal pain and cramping after an attack is also common. Some victims of rape may even experience skin problems, headaches, loss of appetite, excess appetite, sore throat, nausea, anchor ache and pelvic soreness. The most important thing though for rape victims to do after an attack, is to hear medical help immediately. It is crucial for victims to not bathe or shower directly after an attack, as the emergency room staff will need to acquire evidence from the victims system in order to identify the rapist.The mental fallout that rape victims suffer is often lifelong imputable to the horrific experience of being raped. These psychological symptoms include depression, anxiety, feelings of guilt over what has happened (even though rape is neer the victims fault), nightmares, flashbacks, a feeling of emotional numbness, irritability and debilitating or extreme fear. A rape victim may experience something called PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) which is a psychological disorder brought on by extreme stress and fear, much like what a rape victim experiences during a rape.Other psychologic al symptoms include an overall

Research Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Research Paper 1 - Essay Examplethe client acted on advice of suggest. Some of its derivatives include, but are non modified to, advisory counsel, appellate counsel, assigned counsel, corporate counsel, general counsel and Kings Counsel. Under the Old Testament the banter counsel and its derivatives, (which include counselor) appear 118 times along the span of a number of character books that, on the whole form the first part of the Bible. Some of these Books (along with a selection of the references) are listed herein below.2 Please note that the relevant pronounces are italicized and that, more importantly, these are not an exhaustive list.3An adviser (Proverbs 1114 1522), a kings state counsellor (2 Samuel 1512). Used once of the the Nazarene (Isaiah 96). In Mark 1543, Luke 2350, the word probably means a member of the Jewish Sanhedrim.It is clear, whether commitd as a verb, or a noun, the consideration counsel remains outstandingly similar in use and in definition, as exemplified in the references above, to the definition provided by Blacks Law Dictionary. It is to this extent, that we may deduce the word to mean advice or advice/advisor. Furthermore, please note the use of the term in the New Testament. As mentioned above, the references are only to provide a guideline of what is the prevalent position of the term and are not a conclusive list of its appearance in the New Testament.5It is clear that the use of the term does not differ much from its use in the Old Testament. It is to this effect, that it can seen that the use of the word counsel to be synonymous with the word advice. On a clear and literal interpretation of the word, counsel and advice, or, in addition, counselor and advisor mean much the same thing. Healing through Jesus the Nazarene has many biblical examples like the story of the healing at the pool of Bethesda in John 52-15. In these lay a great multitude of sick people, blind, lame, paralyzed, waiting for the moving of th e water, (John 53 ). The word wisdom is generally associated with its root word wise, which is defined Showing good head or the benefit of experience. although this takes the form of the adjective the noun is defined by Wiktionary6 as either the element of in-person character that causes one to distinguish the wise from the unwise, a piece of wise advice, the discretionary use of cognition for the greatest good.7Furthermore the Dictionary also describes it as the ability to apply relevant knowledge in an insightful way, especially to different situations from that in which the knowledge was gained. According the Oxford English Dictionary wisdom is the capacity to justness rightly in matters relating to life and conduct and allowing soundness of judgement in our daily decisions in a more practical way.Wisdom is defined by Eastons Bible Dictionary asA moralistic rather than an intellectual quality. To be foolish is to be godless (Psalm 141 Comp. Judges 1923 2 Samuel 1313). True wi sdom is a gift from God to those who ask it (Job 2812-28 Proverbs 313-18 Romans 122 1627 1 Corinthians 117-21 26-8 James 15). Wisdom in Proverbs 120 81 91-5 may be regarded not as a mere personification of the attribute of wisdom, but as a divine

What do empirical tests of the Capitsl Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) tell Essay

What do empirical tests of the Capitsl Asset Pricing warning (CAPM) tell us about the validity of this model - Essay Examplee no taxes or transaction costs 2) all investors sh are the same market opportunities and 3) all investors have the same nurture on expected returns, volatilities, and correlations of securities available. It was found that under these assumptions Tobins (1958) super efficient portfolio (it consists of the risk-free cocksure added to Markowitzs portfolio on the efficient frontier) must also be market portfolio.Further on, Sharpe (1964) divided portfolio risk into dogmatic and specific. While systematic risk affects every asset of a portfolio (as the market moves, each individual asset is more or less affected), specific risks are unique to individual assets (it represents the component of an assets return which is uncorrelated with world(a) market moves) and thus can be diversified in the context of a solid portfolio. In other words, the expected rate of return of a portfolio depends not on specific risks of assets, unless on the systematic risk of a portfolio.where ERi is the expected rate of return on asset i, Rf is a risk-free rate, ERm is the expected rate of return of the market portfolio, and is systematic risk. As can be seen from the SML equation, excess return depends on beta alone and not on systematic risk plus specific risk. Moreover, the connection between rate of return and beta is linear for portfolios.Obviously, CAPM was designed as a way to determine prices of assets in market portfolios. Indeed, given a systematic risk value and assets expected rate of return investor can adjust the price of an asset using the SML formula. However, because of its beau ideal nature CAPM is often seen only as a theoretical tool. In practice its main assumptions are not true, and all investors have different information on risk-return characteristics of assets.Since CAPM introduction to nowadays SML equation became a topic of wide academic discussion. Studies performed to assess the validity of CAPM can be divided into three general groups

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Managment - Essay ExampleIn simple words, sustainability aims to besiege with the latest challenges by allocating the resources and energies for the short term period with give away putting the future developments into jeopardy. Thus, sustainability is basically seen by classical economists as a problem of managing a nations portfolio of capital to maintain it at a constant level, either in toto or per capita. It includes born(p) capital, in principle, but it also allows for virtually straight-out substitution between man-made and natural capital (Pearce et al., 1990 quoted in Ayers 2000 2). Hence, sustainability looks into the throw outvas of business environment with a larger and long term perspective. However, it does not mean that it absolutely nullifies the long-term planning. On the contrary, it works out on current corporate scenario in such a dedicated way, by exercising shell of skills and proficiencies that it indirectly creates long-term shareholder value by increasi ng opportunities and minimizing risk factors for the future years to come. Sustainability is fundamentally the continuity of the satisfaction regarding the fulfillment of basic needs the same tail assembly be witnessed by elaborating the conception within corporate point of view, where it is actually the strategy devised and articulated to keep the ball of commercial activities rolling. The analysts tell sustainability into two different levels, which include weak and quick sustainability. Weak sustainability is the idea that natural capital can be used up as long as it is converted into manufactured capital of fitting value. On the other hand, strong sustainability is the idea that there are certain functions that the environment performs that cannot be duplicated by humans.(Hart, Maureen 1998 3) In other words, the theorists argue that different forms of capital can be utilized by converting it from natural form into manufactured capital form. Consequently, weak sustainabilit y measures the value of natural objects, beauties and capital within a fiscal perspective without taking into account its chargewhile status as the pure object of nature. For instance, mountains offer unmeasured beauties and finances are generated from the tourists and visitors. Additionally, there are countless natural products that could be obtained from mountains and hills. However, the weak sustainability mere calculates the gains that could be generated by turning the hilly areas into plains. Thus, the narrow-sightedness of the notion appears to be unable to provide an in-depth analysis of the objects of nature and erroneously regard them as the wastage of resources out of which huge money could be generated. Similarly, a forest full of trees contains the worth quite different from the estimation made by an entrepreneur. A value can be careful if you assume that all the trees are cut down and turned into furniture or paper. However, the forest provides a home for wildlife that provides food for hunters. It also provides a place for hikers to enjoy the natural environment. (Hart, Maureen 1998 5) On the other hand, strong sustainability refutes the very idea that natural capital are substitute to one another and hence can be estimated in terms of materialistic and

The Ballad of the White Horse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ballad of the White Horse - Essay ExampleThese lines were quoted by steer journals which were carrying war news.The Lady appearing before Alfred tells him that on that point is no subject much to look forward to, if it is notwithstanding comfort that he is desiring. Things would unaccompanied get tougher and man has to keep fighting as evil would lonesome(prenominal) return stronger each time to engulf.Earl Ogier of the Stone and Sling, a General in King Gurthrums army sings these lines in reaction to the sentimental songs sung earlier by another Earl Elf, and Prince Harold before him who sang of the pleasures of this earth. He refutes their songs in which they speak about gods and women. Here he says that when all the pleasures are enjoyed , in life there is only Hate left. Having grown old, men like him and King Guthrum know that there is no such thing as true love.Chesterton with his strong faith in Roman Catholicism writes such lines to underline the nation of Hell in side the minds of men of no belief. There is only despair and no faith in God to relieve the despair.This is King Gurthrums song which express the bleakness of his heart. He sings in reply to the songs of Ogier and Elf before him , that, by now men have grown up to realize that there is no comfort of truth in any of the fanciful tales of gods and youth. The cold truth is that even gods smash even the mightiest kingdoms are raced down.

Family business managment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Family course managment - Case Study ExampleThere was collaborative decision making in the Cohen family as it is document that the family members met twice a week over lunch to debate and come to a consensus as pertained to the insistency company bares (Ward, 3).However, the Cohen family has its weaknesses that would have proved fatal for the success of the company. Firstly positions in the company were awarded with reference to the forerunners position and non with reference to qualifications Abe and Cohen lineages. Moreover, they held informal meetings hence lack of giving much unassumingness to issues that needed intensive decision making. It has been documented that the family members decided when they would have their leaves irrespective of the number yet this was not a privilege accorded to employees who were not family members. The family members seem to be favored other than other employees, creating a loophole for hardship of the business (Ward, 4).The issue of succ ession needs to be refractory to ensure the success of the business. This is following the reassignment of Robert Cohen. It has been documented that no one has yet been appointed to oversee the international relations of the company. This needs to be resolved for the company to maintain its competitive edge in the international business. Consequently, compensation of the next generation and idea of the fourth generation was also an issue that needed to be resolved and addressed. There needed to be a top level management, an issue which Abel speculated would raise conflict leading to some family members leaving the company. Subsequently, the issue of diversification of the company needed to be addressed and resolved, this was to inculcate the diversity in the family and also to allow in all family members (Ward, 7).At first the family meetings were 100% informal as they are documented to occur crossways a desk shared by Abe and

SMEs Entrepreneurship and Ethnic Distinctions Assignment

SMEs Entrepreneurship and pagan Distinctions - Assignment ExampleAccording to the research findings, today, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) be the major source economical growth in the countries. According to International Finance Corporation, SMEs contribute to 90% of businesses in the world and accounts for more or less 50% of employment. Considering the global financial crisis, SMEs are the foundation of creating more jobs and economic growth, tokenly in the maturation countries. Hence, generating opportunities for SMEs is a major approach to encourage development and diminish poverty. Due to the global financial crisis, nearly of the emerging markets have constrained the right to use various financial services for SMEs. They are non given the complete access to financing as yet, however, the liquidity is brought back to financial institutions, and lending activities are reported to be lower than before. Around 17 million SMEs in developing countries have not met the c redit needs, which is the reason to broaden up the gap. This gap has reached in between $900 billion to $1.1 trillion in the developing markets. International Finance Corporation (IFC) has formulated the policies to foster the SMEs financing across the world so that to encourage business support for such enterprises. The obstacles in the development of SMEs and access to finance are collect to the various ethnic groups positioned in the country. The differences between diverse ethnic groups make it more challenging to curry policies with reference to SMEs ethnic minority finance. An ethnic minority group is referred to as a business which comprises of proprietor and managers or large numbers of partners from a specific ethnic group that exists in minority. These are particular non-white people who start their own small business. There are five major ethnic minority communities who start up their small business to the greater extent, include Pakistani, Black Caribbean, Indian, Bla ck African and Bangladesh.

Individual Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual bemuse - Assignment ExampleMany states in the US adopt different tokenish wage laws and as such some may be lower or higher than that prescribed by the national minimum wages. The law states that when an employee is under both the state and federal minimum wage law, the employee is entitled to make for the higher of the two minimum wages. In this case, Maxim is following the correct guideline of paying the minimum wage of $8.50 per hour. 2. The term exempt employees ar categorized under the Fair Labor Standards Act as those receiving salary of not less than $455 per workweek. Exempt employees according to hypothesize titles, are the executives, administrative, professional, computer and outside sales employees who receive compensation of $455 a week or $100,000 a year(Chamberlain, Kaufman & Jones, n.d.) Under the guidelines of the FLSA, the sales associates of Maxim are classified under the non-exempt category because they are inside sales employees, and they sti ll receive $340 a week only ($8.50 x 40 hrs.). Maxims Department Supervisors can be classified as exempt employees because they perform supervision over the sales staff and their wage rate amounts to $14.25 per hour, equivalent to$570 a week. The FLSA said that a Supervisor is someone who is doing high level work. It is assumed here, that the Department Supervisors of Maxim may perform either one of the following duties prescribed in the FLSA interviewing, selecting, and training employees setting rates of pay and hours of work maintaining production or sales records (beyond the merely clerical) appraising productivity handling employee grievances or complaints, or disciplining employees determining work techniques planning the work apportioning work among employees determining the types of equipment to be used in performing work, or materials needed planning budgets for work monitoring work for legal or restrictive compliance providing for safety and security of the workplace. 3. According to the SSS online, the latest cost of living salary version that becomes effective on December 2011 is 3.6 pct for Social Security benefits and SSI payments. Investopedia defines Costs of Living Adjustment (COLA) as an adjustment made to social security and supplemental income in order to adjust benefits to counteract flash. COLA is usually based on the consumer price big businessman for urban wager earners and wage earners. The intermediate consumer price index as of December 2011 is 3.6 percent (SSS On line) The WEST CPI is 3.4 percent as of October 2011(Bureau of Labor Statistics) Based on this information, computation of the CPI is shown as follows Average consumer price index 3.6 percent West CPI 3.4 percent Difference 0.2 percent Adjustments in COLA took effect in 1975 and do not remain the same for each year. For 2012, SSS online, calculates the maximum monthly Federal amounts for an eligible man-to-man $698, for an eligible individual with an eligible spouse $ 1,048 and for an essential person $3350 In this context, the Average Consumer price index as computed by the SSI should be followed. 4. The index of job classes in Portland does not provide an exact job title for Sales Associate and Department Supervisor. (Listing of job classes, 2011) However, similar level of jobs exist in in

Does the General Sales Tax Impact the Personal Consumption Expenditure Research Paper

Does the General Sales valuate Impact the Personal Consumption intake - Research Paper ExampleThis paper seeks to study the relationship between sales task and individual consumer expenditure and saving. Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1.0. Introduction 1Sales tax is part of usage tax, tax on imposed on spending on goods or services in discordant states. Sales tax is usually imposed to buyers during the purchasing of goods or services. The sellers argon the one who collect the tax. Tax place vary from one state to another. In join States, the sales tax has been increasing drastically since 1997 and this has led to rise of prices of both services and commodities. The people who are affected indirectly by sales tax are the buyers. Their expenses rise per month forcing them to draw narrow budgets. This is the same in the whole adult male and the economies of umpteen nations are going down. What it exported or import is also highly taxed. Sales tax is assorted from valu e added tax because it is only imposed once at the retail level. Different states in United States have different tax rates. There are some jurisdictions in these states that determine the tax rates to be imposed on various goods and services. Goods for manufacture or resale are usually exempted from sales tax. nearly other jurisdictions also exempt sales tax on foods sold in grocery shops, pastoral supplies and prescription medications. Sales tax greatly affects the spending of consumers, changes their custom behavior and marketplace at the nursing home level. 2.0. Literature Review There are many researches that have been done to show how the increase in sales tax affects personal white plague expenditure. Most of the results got from these researches have showed negative impacts on personal consumption expenditure. As Kevin 2001 puts it, this has been the case in the 2United States of America and the rest of the world. In a case study conducted in atomic number 20 in 2007, it was revealed that the best sales tax rate was 7.25%. This was a rapid increase from 6.6% in 2004 while in 1990s it was less than five percent. Most of this was taxed because of transport expenditures that were incurred during transportation of the goods or services. The tenderness for the next year after 2007 was 7.75% tax rate and this was observed to be the trend to be followed unless the economic system in the whole world is restructured since the people in California must rely on imported and exported goods and services. In this case study, the main objective shall be to show the effects of increased sales tax on the well-being of people in California. The methods that shall be utilise shall help to come up with capable data that shall be analyzed in depth. From the analysis, it shall be clear on the real effects that are caused by increased sales tax. Increase in tax rate has been there in California just as it is with other states in America. Some of the effects may be positive however, many of them are negative. To the unemployed the situation is worse thus, there must be proposals to look into the issue deeper onwards it goes beyond recognition. From another research done in the same state to identify the much that is used for consumption by individual persons, according to Kanbur and Spence, it was found out that 65% of the spending per individual was on consumption. It was not, however, constant as it varied with genders and age. There were many reasons that were given for the high spending in consumption and the main one was increased sales ta

Future Farmers of America Association Essay Example for Free

Future Farmers of the States Association EssayCan you believe that the National FFA Organization (Future Farmers of America) has everywhere 400,000 members and growing in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and The Virgin Islands? The FFA is a National Organization devoted to teaching and introducing students to pastoral education. It has introduced a large collision on students, changed their views on floriculture, and given them the chances to carry them expose. The history of FFA is quite a long one, starting back in 1925, when four agricultural education teachers organized the Future Farmers of Virginia, which would go to as a model for FFA, as well as the New Farmers of America. Then, in 1930, at the triad National Convention, guinea pig competitions were restricted to only male competitors. The official creed, written by E. M. Tiffany, and official colors, national blue and corn gold, were adopted this year as well. In 1933, Ohio FFA members wore blue corduroy jac kets with the FFA emblem printed on the back, and those were later immersed into the official uniform. Soon after, the NFA and the FFV merged together with the FFA. Later on, in 1988, the organizations name was changed from Future Farmers of America to FFA Organization and membership was extended to middle school students.Lastly, in 2006, the National Convention was at its uttermost attendance, with a jaw-dropping amount of about fifty thousand attendants The history if FFA will continue to become to a greater extent memorable as long as new members join. The FFA training sequence consists of some(prenominal) areas, pertaining specifically to the SAE program, course opportunities, and chapter meetings. The Supervised Agricultural Experience, or SAE, Program is used to carry out a knowledgeable agriculture project.The project workers are often helped by their chapter advisor, depending on what area of study the project is from, choosing from ag production, feed science, forestry, ag sales/ service, and horticulture. In some chapters, members are permitted to visit the chapters greenhouses/farms to expand and further act on Ag education. They can choose to extend their knowledge in handle like farm economics, marketing, reckoner science, and biotechnology. Through chapter meetings, members will learn and develop public speaking skills and working for others.There are several activities to compete in and degrees to earn and receive in FFA. Members compete at local, state, and national levels in the fields of public speaking, Ag mechanics, dairy-cattle, livestock, poultry, dairy food, meat, and rabbit evaluations, floriculture, ornamental horticulture, parliamentary procedures, and nursery/ landscaping skills. The FFA overly gives out four degrees to its members. The Discovery Degree is given to seventh and eight grade students. The Greenhand Degree is given to high up school freshmen with knowledge, goals, and skills of FFA.After completing two semesters of Ag course work, you receive the Chapter Degree, with which you are entitled to feign a silver pin. The last degree, the State Degree, is obtained for outstanding achievements and for development of leadership skills. The receiver, however, must have also worked at least a minimum of 300 unpaid hours, and they receive with this honor a meretricious emblem pin. The FFA is definetly one of the younger organizations in the U. S. But, throughout the last ten years, it has delivered a tremendous impact to students, teachers, and the nation along with its future.

The Heart of Darkness Essay Example for Free

The Heart of Darkness EssayThe Heart of Darkness is a novelette written by Joseph Conrad. In this book the main character, Marlow, ventures up the Nile River to find a man named Kurtz. As he continues his move up river he experiences a vast range of emotions and situations that ar putting him to the leaven to see if he house keep his sanity. One of the situations he encounters are the natives of the Congo. At first they are seen as the primitive savage-like race that live in the darkness of Congo. Their way of life seems so taboo of the norm that on that point is no way that Marlow could ever understand or feel equal with them. As his journey continues to find Kurtz, he starts to understand their way of life and figure out the meanings of darkness. In the heart and soul of darkness, Joseph Conrad uses the narrator, Marlow, to portray the evolution of mind on how the idea of darkness is a misc formerlyption, and by the end of the novella, the once primitive savages are in reality Marlows equals.In the beginning of the voyage up the river Marlows mindset on the natives is more than of, they live an uncivilized life, killing their protest people. Marlow thinks his way of life is more civilized. Eating with forks, wearing shoes. But what Marlow doesnt see is the point of view of the natives. He doesnt dispense into consideration of their definition of norm, their definition of civilized. Marlow thinks that his way is the only right way. The natives are civilized in their own way. The way they were brought up and the way they live.Later on in the journey Marlows traditional views of imperialists starts to fade, the people that dont see the conquered natives as humans. It was unearthly, and the men were-No, they were not inhuman. Well, you know, that was the worst of it-this uncertainty of their not world inhuman. It would come slowly to one. They howled, and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces but what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity-like yours- thethought of your impertinent kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly. Yes, it was ugly enough but if you were man enough you would admit to yourself that there was in you just the faintest trace of a response to the terrible frankness of that noise, a dim suspicion of there being a meaning in it which you-you so remote from the night of fist ages-could secure He starts to develop a tiny kinship with the natives. He starts to understand their screams. Marlow develops a place in his mind that understands where they are coming from and that everyone has some barbarian inside them. Its natural and it is normal.At the end of the journey Marlow doesnt consider the natives his equal. He views them more as animals or pets. That you can teach them but and they can learn the meaning but not the significance. Essentially its like a parent stressful to get their kid to stay in bed by telling them there is a dickens under it. They will learn commands but the y will not reach the full level of mundaneness that he has.

The Assessors Main Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

The Assessors Main Responsibilities EssayAssess the assimilators knowledge, understanding, skills and competence against the criteria embed by the awarding body. The assessor moldiness at all times display a sporty and professional manner. High standards must be maintained and a thorough understanding of the standards and criteria apiece bookman is marching towards is needed. To plan and undertake assessments using the appropriate assessment methods for example, observation, questioning, discussion, recognising prior learning or examining work products. It is important to apply holistic assessment whenever the opportunity arises. All methods of assessment to be used must be agreed upon and understood by the scholarly person. A thorough initial assessment of each learner must be done to ensure any special requirements can be met. It is important to be aware of learners targets and completion envisions and work closely with teachers and tutors to ensure continuous progres s is achieved. The assessor must support, croak and encourage learners through the assessment process and judge the competence of their work and recognise when a learner is ready for assessment.The assessor must ensure the assessment experience is a positive one for each learner, whether it has a formative or summative outcome. During assessment all VACSR (valid authentic current specific realistic) points must be followed to ensure all judgements and decisions are fair and correct. The assessor must promote equal opportunities at all times and take into account the individual needs and requirements of the learner. Every learner should be assumption an equal chance to succeed. After the assessment decision has been made constructive feedback must be assumption and any further planning and action that may be necessary must be agreed. The assessor must keep accurate and up to date assessment records so the learner can intelligibly understand and keep track of their progress and ac hievements. It isimportant for the assessor to understand the value of reflective habituate and continuous professional development (CPD).The assessor must undertake and provide proof of a stripped-down of 10 hours, 30 hours if a full time assessor of good quality CPD per category and be fully aware of current standardisation methods and procedures. To uphold their assessor status, the assessor will also be required to attend standardisation meetings and be observed carrying out assessment twice a year by the internal quality assurer (IQA). This ensures they are maintaining standards and have a full understanding of the criteria and may now and again be observed by the external quality assurer (EQA) thus ensuring standards and quality are maintained at all times. The IQA will support any needs they feel the assessor may have. An up to date knowledge of centre policies and procedures for example, Safeguarding, Health and Safety, Equality and Diversity and be able to deal with app eals and disputes is also required.

Probing and Using Website Resources Essay Example for Free

Probing and use Web grade Re generators EssayOne vital consideration in writing any factual paper is the gauge of evidence provided to prove a particular point in the paper. Whether it be an essay, a look, a thesis or a term paper or a dissertation, or any former(a) nervous strain of scholarly writing, one should consider the veracity of entropy provided. To do this, one should probe not well(p) the quality of the information but also the source from which the data came from. More often than not, ones primary source of information is the internet. How then could one determine which information should be considered authentic and apt and which should be considered as junk?A number of reference materials be visible(prenominal) online e-books, books converted to e-texts, periodicals (newspapers, magazines, backing and industry journals, scholarly journals), essays, articles. In deciding from what particular internet page should a bit of information be lifted, one should d etermine the credibility of source, evaluate the accuracy or objectivity of the material, trace autobiography of the source to ascertain the informations relevance to current situations, and establish the reliability of the materials to be cited.To shake a clearer understanding of the process, we shall examine two web sites linking to specific pages that expound on gender oddment and related article. Following are the sites that will be the foci of the evaluation 1. Wang, Jiongjiong, et al. (2007) Gender difference in uneasy response to psychological stress. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2007 2(3)227-239. Retrieved action 26, 2009 from Oxford Journals Website http//scan. oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/2/3/227. 2. Brescoll Victoria. (2008, April 4). People Accept Anger In Men, But Women Who support Their Temper Are Seen As less(prenominal) Competent, Study Shows. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 26, 2009, from http//www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2008/04/08 0402152707. htm Probing and utilize Website Resources 2 Since the first website is an online facility for the Oxford University Press, hence materials that are available in the site are alike available in bring out.Scholarly journals usually reports departs of original research, contains an in-depth digest of the subject matter (hence present lengthy articles), are intended for schoolman audience and usually presents materials that engage been reviewed by other people who have authority over the subject. Scholarly journals likewise contain academic level book reviews. Like any printed scholarly journals oxfordjournals. com presents the article with all the vital elements complete research headings (abstract, body of the research, supplementary data and the reference section).Researchers, academicians, professors and scholars are the usual authors of articles in a scholarly journal. In this website, reference to the credibility of the authors are indicated by their other writin gs available either in print or on-line in the reference section at the end of the article. Graphics are likewise provided to better let off certain points in the research (i. e. charts, table, formulas, and diagrams).What prepares the article more trustworthy is the fact that other materials where the article has been cited were also mentioned at the latter part of the page. What makes the material user friendly is the use of hyperlinks that make it easier for users to navigate throughout the site with ease. The second website is that of ScienceDaily. com, which features a Yale University psychologists article on the relating others perception of a persons competency and general favorable acceptance to gender-related display of aroused response.In contrast to the other website, the writing style used in presenting the ideas of the writer is less formal, elliptic and more direct forward. Furthermore, general information about the Probing and Using Website Resources 3 subject and the results of a particular study that serves as the authors supporting material. No proper reference to the source had been mentioned however, thus limiting a researchers grasp of the complete idea or result of the study presented in the article.In addition to this, there were no graphs or other representations to further explain the subject are seen on the page, except for graphical illustrations of other sites and that have linked to the site for marketing purposes and hyperlinks used basically to promote an institution, a program or other articles. These advertisements makes take uping less concentrate on on the article and more directed to other sites promoting other products. All these made the previously explored site more credible than this site.Considering the evaluation, I prefer the first website over the second for the following reasons 1) the first website presents boilers suit credibility on the subject matter being presented 2) although the 2nd website is easier to read and can be read in less than five minutes, the first website presented the result of the research in part (sub-headings, hyperlinks and color coded divisions gray-colored boxes to split graphics and sub-headings from the main content), which made it easier to understand although would take more time to finish 3) lesser advertisements are seen on the second website making the reading process more directed to the material and 4) site-related inquiries (i. e. feedback and subscription forms) are hardened strategically within the page. After evaluating these cites, I realized that not all data that may be seen on the net should immediately be considered credible.One should be responsible in determining the credibility of the source of the material as well as the reliability of the data presented in the material. Probing and Using Website ResourcesReferencesWang, Jiongjiong, et al. (2007) Gender difference in neural response to psychological stress. Social Cognitive and Affect ive Neuroscience. Retrieved March 26, 2009 from Oxford Journals Website http//scan. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/content/full/2/3/227. Yale University (2008, April 4). People Accept Anger In Men, But Women Who Lose Their Temper Are Seen As Less Competent, Study Shows. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 26, 2009, from http//www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2008/04/080402152707. htm

Human Rights Essay Example for Free

gentlemans gentleman Rights EssayHuman rights are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently authorize simply because she or he is a mankind being. Human rights are thus conceived as ecumenic and egalitarian . These rights may exist as indispensable rights or as legal rights, in local, regional, national, and international faithfulness. The doctrine of compassionate rights in international practice, within international law, global and regional institutions, in the policies of states and in the activities of non-governmental organizations, has been a cornerstone of public policy around the world. The idea of homophile rights states, if the public dis material body of peacetime global society can be said to have a common moral language, it is that of homosexual rights. despite this, the strong claims made by the doctrine of merciful rights continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates roughly the cloy, nature an d justifications of military personnels rights to this day.Indeed, the question of what is meant by a right is itself controversial and the subject of continued philosophic debate. Many of the basic ideas that animated the human rights movement highly-developed in the aftermath of the Second globe War and the atrocities of The Holocaust, culminating in the adoption of the Universal contract bridge of Human Rights in Paris by the unite Nations General Assembly in 1948. The antediluvian patriarch world did not possess the model of universal human rights.The true forerunner of human rights talk of was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval rude(a) law tradition that became prominent during the Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson, and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution. From this foundation, the modern human rights argume nts emerged over the latter half of the twentieth century.History of conceptAlthough ideas of rights and liberty have existed in some form for much of human history, they do not resemble the modern conception of human rights. According to Jack Donnelly, in the ancient world, traditional societies typically have had elaborate systems of duties conceptions of justice, political legitimacy, and human flourishing that sought to realize human dignity, flourishing, or well-being entirely independent of human rights. These institutions and practices are alternative to, rather than different formulations of, human rights.The modern sense of human rights can be traced to Renaissance Europe and the Protestant Reformation, alongside the disappearing of the feudal authoritarianism and religious conservativism that dominated the Middle Ages. sensation theory is that human rights were developed during the early Modern period, alongside the European secularization of Judeo-Christian ethics. The most commonly held view is that concept of human rights evolved in the West, and that while earlier cultures had in-chief(postnominal) ethical concepts, they generally lacked a concept of human rights.For example, McIntyre argues there is no word for right in any language before 1400. and constituted a form of limited political and legal agreement to address specific political circumstances, in the display case of Magna Carta later being recognised in the course of early modern debates just about rights. One of the oldest records of human rights is the statute of Kalisz, giving privileges to the Jewish minority in the Kingdom of Poland such as protection from contrariety and hate speech.The earliest conceptualization of human rights is credited to ideas about natural rights emanating from natural law. In particular, the phone number of universal rights was introduced by the examination of extending rights to indigenous peoples by Spanish clerics, such as Francisco de Vitoria an d Bartolome de Las Casas. In the Valladolid debate, Juan Gines de Sepulveda, who well-kept an Aristotelian view of humanity as divided into classes of different worth, argued with Las Casas, who argued in favor of equal rights to immunity of slavery for all humans regardless of race or religion.In Britain in 1683, the English history of Rights and the Scottish Claim of Right each made illegal a range of oppressive governmental actions. Two major revolutions occurred during the 18th century, in the United States and in France, leading to the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen respectively, both of which established certain legal rights. Additionally, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 encoded into law a number of fundamental civil rights and civil freedoms.These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and G. W. F. Hegel during the 18th and 19th centuries. The term human rights plausibly came into use some time surrounded by Paines The Rights of Man and William Lloyd Garrisons 1831 writings in The Liberator, in which he express that he was trying to enlist his readers in the great cause of human rights. In the 19th century, human rights became a central concern over the issue of slavery.A number of reformers, such as William Wilber coerce in Britain, worked towards the abolition of slavery. This was achieved in the British Empire by the Slave Trade Act 1807 and the Slavery abolition Act 1833. In the United States, all the northern states had abolished the institution of slavery between 1777 and 1804, although southern states clung tightly to the peculiar institution. Conflict and debates over the expansion of slavery to new territories constituted one of the reasons for the southern states detachment and the American Civil War.During the reconstruction period immediately following the w ar, several amendments to the United States Constitution were made. These include the 13th amendment, banning slavery, the 14th amendment, assuring full citizenship and civil rights to all people born in the United States, and the 15th amendment, guaranteeing African Americans the right to vote. Many groups and movements have achieved profound social changes over the course of the 20th century in the name of human rights.In Europe and North America, labour unions brought about laws granting workers the right to strike, establishing minimum work conditions and forbidding or regulating child labor. The womens rights movement succeeded in gaining for more women the right to vote. National liberation movements in galore(postnominal) countries succeeded in driving out colonial powers. One of the most influential was Mahatma Gandhis movement to free his native India from British rule.Movements by long-oppressed racial and religious minorities succeeded in many parts of the world, among them the African American Civil Rights Movement, and more recent diverse identity government movements, on behalf of women and minorities in the United States. The establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the 1864 Lieber Code and the first of the geneva Conventions in 1864 laid the foundations of International humanitarian law, to be further developed following the two humanity Wars.The World Wars, and the huge losses of life and gross abuses of human rights that took place during them, were a driving force behind the development of modern human rights instruments. The League of Nations was established in 1919 at the negotiations over the treaty of Versailles following the end of World War I. The Leagues goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation and diplomacy, and improving global welfare.Enshrined in its charter was a mandate to promote many of the rights later included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. At the 1945 Yalta Conference, the Allied Powers agreed to puddle a new body to supplant the Leagues role this was to be the United Nations. The United Nations has played an important role in international human-rights law since its creation. Following the World Wars, the United Nations and its members developed much of the discourse and the bodies of law that now make up international humanitarian law and international human rights law. school of thought The philosophy of human rights attempts to examine the underlying basis of the concept of human rights and critically looks at its content and justification. Several theoretical approaches have been advanced to explain how and why human rights have become a part of social expectations. One of the oldest Western philosophies of human rights is that they are a product of a natural law, stemming from different philosophical or religious grounds. Other theories hold that human

Focus On Learner Pronunciation Problems Essay Example for Free

Focus On Learner Pronunciation Problems Es assertIn Portuguese, R at the beginning of words, at the check of words, or before a consonant is pronounced like H. Many Brazilian students carry this habit into slope words, pronouncing restaurant as hestaurant and far as fah. Its especially common when the side word and the Portuguese word are similar, such as in restaurant and regular. dissolvent First, I sire my students scat on pronouncing the English R sound by itself. I demonstrate the correct mouth lieu and they imitate me. Then, we work on each word while exaggerating the R sound so we say rrrrememberrrr, for example. last-placely, we practice reservation that exaggerated R sound shorter and shorter until the student gets used to axiom remember with an English R. It feels a little ridiculous, but it works PROBLEM Similar wordsFortunately, Portuguese and English have a lot of true cognates words that are similar in both languages, such as area, animal, culture, famou s, music, romantic, hamburger, and sports. This makes it easier to remember the vocabulary but more troublesome to remember to pronounce the words the English way. resolving To show the difference in the sounds, I make comparisons with words that they already know and pronounce comfortably in English The a in animal is like the a in and, for example. I alike draw attention to syllable stress popular in English vs. popular in Portuguese. PROBLEM Final consonantsPortuguese doesnt have letters like D, T, G, P, and K at the end of words, so its common for Brazilian students to accidentally add a little vowel sound at the end of English words so big sounds like bigg-ee and stop becomes stopp-ee. One of the most famous is difficult turning into difficulty which is also an English word, but the first is an adjective and the second is a noun. SOLUTION I start with words ending in P because theyre the easiest to practice we practice saying stop, help, and others, and I tell them to keep their lips together for a second at the end, then release them without making an extra sound. Then we move on to rock, get, thing, good, and so on, again, holding the final consonant for a piece before releasing it soundlessly.

Develop and promote positive relationships Essay Example for Free

Develop and promote positive kindreds EssayThe richness of good operative relationships in the setting. Its very in-chief(postnominal) to permit a good working relationship inwardly a setting beca wont it reflects and promotes a positive milieu, that is not further inviting for barbarianren solely for the p bents also. Staffs ar also climaxable and children go extinct be relaxed and confident and get out finger that they atomic number 18 able to bank you. P atomic number 18nts would also find it easier to form professional relationships with lag members, this helps to make separation and transitions easier for the child and p arent. It also makes discussing in only told meaning(a)(predicate) teaching ab protrude the Childs single(a) of necessity or concerns easier.Forming good relationships with otherwise colleagues makes the setting run smoothly, information is easily passed on. The working environment is relaxed and more enjoyable. K2 Relevant legal requirements covering the fashion you relate to and move with children and young large number The relevant requirements covering the way we relate to and inter pretend with children are The United Nations normal On The Rights Of Children 1989, this legislation envisions that children are listened to, shewn respect and afford the right to make choices ( within reason).They mustiness be saved from discrimination and commit the right to freedom of demonstrateion. The Childrens wreak 1989 brings in concert various pieces of legislation it covers child protection and the responsibilities a parent must adhere to, as well as ensuring that childrens well- cosmos is of a paramount immenseness. K3 Relevant legal requirements and procedures covering confidentiality and the disclosure of information. The selective information Protection fiddle 1998 requires anyone who handles person-to-person information to comply with a number of important principles. It also cooks idiosyncra tics rights over their personal information.This meet covers only information held on paper or computer systems and all organizations that store personal selective information must register with the Data Protection Commission. The eight enforceable principles that must comply with are Fairly and legally processed. Processed for limited purposes. Adequate, relevant and not excessive. Accurate. Not kept longer than necessary. Processed in conformance with the data subjects rights. Secure. Not transferred to other countries without adequate protection. To comply with these principles every school processing personal data must notify on a lower floor the Act.Data Protection within the school is also checked with auditors and ofsted. whatsoever passing on of a childs personal information to other professionals must have written consent from the parents or main carer, or the school would be in breach of the Data Protection Act. All admission details of children leaving the school ar e passed on to their rude(a) schools, but historical data is kept on the schools IT Man maturatement system. This information is stored under a secure password protected application. The unlike types of personal data which is held in the school are telephone and address of the child.Gender. Contact details of parents/carer including emergency telephone numbers. Development records/profiles of each child. Observations including scudic evidence on each child. Medical information. Absence/attendance records. Unique pupil number. at bottom the school any universal information much(prenominal) as doctor /dentist or other professional appointments should be overlap between colleagues only. We also have a medical room within the main school which contains medical records and photographs of those children who have food allergies and other serious conditions such as diabetes.Again this confidential information is only accessible by members of staff. It is also essential and important when working with children not to discuss them or their family outside your setting. No information should be passed on without parental consent, unless requested by the police or kind services. The only date that you are allowed to breach confidentiality is when you are safe guarding a child or in an emergency. K4 Relevant legal requirements covering the needfully of disabled children and young peck and those with particular educational murder. chiffonieron and the modified inescapably code of practiceSEN and Disability Act 2001 hand overrs should make reasonable adjustments to overwhelm children with SEN e. g. fork over / attend training. A written SEN polity is needed. A SENCO should be identified. Education Act 1944 Children with special needs should be educated alongside their peers. The views of parents should be recognized. Childrens handicap should be diagnosed. Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Those who provide goods and services to the public must make su re that they do not discriminate against those who have a disability, including children who may have learning or physical difficulties or long term illness. write in code of Practice 1994. A fin stage process to assess a childs special needs is identified. If needed a statement is written to say how those needs lead be met. autograph of Practice 2001. A staged system of assessment consisting of Action and Action plus is introduced to contain children whose needs may not require a statement or to contribute to the process of statementing. Education Act 1989. Children with disabilities should be educated in mainstream schools wherever possible. Health, education and social services should work together to asses a childs needs.Childrens Act 1989. Every local authority should provide services for children with special educational needs in their local area. Early identification of special needs is important. K5 The types of information that should be tough confidentially who you l avatory and apprizenot share this information with. Who should have access to any records? Head teacher, teacher, parents/carers, Ofsted, SENCO, friendly services and other professionals. 2. Where should records be stored? Records are stored in secure cabinets. In a software package.These records are on the one-on-one teachers laptops which are password protected and stored in a primeval storage room overnight. All back up discs are also stored in secure cabinets. 3. How great deal records be checked for the true? External moderators from the Local Educational Authority check the software for accuracy and EYFS profiling. Regular meetings with current examples of tracking and profiles take place between the school and the moderators. 4. Who should be allowed to carry out observations and assessments? Teacher, Key person, SENCO and assessors. 5. Who groundwork give permission for observations and assessments to take place?Written permission forms are write by parents/carers at the start of the academic social class for all new children attending the school, this also covers photographic observations/evidence. K6 The meaning of anti-discriminatory practice and how to integrate this into your relationships with children and other adults. It is paramount that all children and families intuitive geting that the setting is welcoming, non-threatening and that they are regard and valued. These means that all practitioners should have excellent intercourse skills and have the ability to listen carefully, question, consider and serve in a positive manner.Developing and expression a trusted two way relationship means that you willing be able to support both the family and child throughout their prison term in your care. The school also promotes that all individual children are given equal access to the schools curriculum, care, moral and spiritual input, sports, arts and convey opportunities. This support also includes the children being healthy, safe, enjoying and achieving and making positive contributions to the residential area and society. A SEN register is held in school of all children who have been identified as having special needs. another(prenominal) registers record different circumstances which may affect childrens access to the curriculum such as English as an redundant nomenclature, medical needs, gifted and talented. K7 How you adapt your demeanour and communion with children to meet the needs of children in your care of different ages, genders, ethnicities, needs and abilities. It is still essential with this age group of children and young people to build on good relationships they will be experiencing many physical changes and may olfactory modality intense or so puberty.Adults need to able to listen and be sensitive to the changes they are going through. It is vital that they have positive adult relationships, with an adult who nookie listen carefully, are sensitive, non-judgmental and have empathy to their individual needs. in spite of appearance this age group they face far more peer pressure, needing to fit in with their peers, feeling mend about their outward appearances, even facing issues such as sex and experimentation with alcohol and drugs.Having a good relationship away from a family member where the children or young people seat feel that they can express their own views and opinions and be see and spoken to as an equal over important issues in their lives is paramount. Therefore they still require an adult who can give them advice, reassurance, praise and encouragement and record their needs. K8 Strategies you can adopt to help children to feel delightful and valued in the setting. I image that all children in my setting are given the opportunities to play with an activity of their choice and that their views and beliefs are listened to.All children must be praised and encouraged, valued and listened to. I make them feel wel come and valued by being a positiv e character model and by taking an interest in what they do and say. K9 What is meant by remove and in allow behaviour when interacting with children, the policies and procedures to follow and why these are important? The schools policies and procedures all members of staff must have a full and active part to play in protecting all pupils from harm, and at all times the childrens welfare is of paramount concern.We should all be working together to provide a caring positive and stimulating environment that promotes the social, physical and moral development of all the individual children. All members of staff are expected to develop their mental process portfolios and undertake annual performance management meetings to improve on their teaching standards. The immensity of following the schools policies and procedures in appropriate behaviour are that you are contributing to the overall ethos and places of the school and safe guarding the children.Helping to promote inclusion bo dy and acceptance of all pupils and encouraging interaction with others. Appropriate behaviour helps to develop the childrens confidence, self esteem, resiliency and independence giving them a feeling of being respected and valued. Inappropriate behaviour from members of staff could contribute in the children lacking in confidence and lowering their self esteem. The children we feel that their views and opinions are not respected or valued. The children will bring forth less independent and it will promote bad behaviour resulting in an environment where they will not learn or feel safe.Using unprofessional behaviour when interacting with children could become a child protection issue. Therefore it is inappropriate to be too personal or give personal information to the children in your care. K10 The importance of encouraging children to make choices for themselves and strategies to support this. By encouraging children to act in this way you are helping them to develop and make th em become aware of their own needs and areas of improvement. This can be done by allowing the child to try and solve problems or necessary decisions originally advice is given.Options can be given to the child to help them choose a path to take K11 The importance of involving children in decision-making and strategies you can apply to do this. Within the macrocosm stage, the overall area is split into detail activities such as role play, home corner, writing table, messy area, quiet area and the outside area. The children can make decisions on when, how and for how long they stay at an activity. With all of the activities, there will be under pinned planned learning intentions and outcomes, whatever of which will have adult led or adult af somewhat involved.By letting the children play independently and by not interfering or leading the play, the children will develop social and emotional skills and learn to play alongside others or co-operatively. It enhances their imaginati on and creativity, develops communication and nomenclature skills as they work through ideas and concepts, also enabling the children to take risks and make mistakes and learn through their experiences. In involving the children in decision-making it will build on their confidence and self esteem and they will feel that their views and feelings are valued.K12 How to negotiate with children according to their age and stage of development. The first step in negotiation is to ask what dont you want to do and why. Using age related quarrel, experience of the situation, the child and or children will in usual be able to come to or reach an outcome. All children need choices it is not age specific, it depends on what take aim they are at in their development and projecting, for the choices that you give them. For example under 3 year olds, Its tidy up time, ask them to tidy away tether things, give them a choice of what three thingsthey are going to pick up. With children 3 years o f age and over they start to learn for themselves about negotiating through their play by figuring out what the rules are, whos going to go first, sharing toys and activities. As children get older it is important for them to be involved in negotiating and decision-making as it develops their ability to become responsible, date consequences and prevents them from feeling excluded and powerless. large(p) children choices puts the responsibility and power back into their hands.Within a school there are several ways in which you can negotiate with the children, including rewards such as stickers for those children who can loot independently for PE. For example if a few children who refuse to get changed, rewarding them with a sticker encourages them to try to undress independently or with our support. Maybe reward planetary house points for good behaviour in following our rules or trying really hard and working at their best ability. In the outside area we time the use of the bikes , scooter and cars so that all the children have a turn.We ensure that all the children have a choice of independent or adult led activities. When negotiating we are consistent with our actions and give the children explanations and consequences and listen to their views and feelings. K13 Strategies you can use to battle array children that you respect their individuality Keys to good practice Provide activities that encourage self-expression. Provide opportunities within the foundation stage in creative development for the children to express themselves in exploring different media such as painting, drawing and modelling.The children can develop their imagination and expression in songs, music and dance, imaginative play and role play. Celebrate diversity by learning about each others culture, religion and beliefs. advance the children to listen and reproof to each other in our weekly show and tell activity where the children can share a special toy, achievement or a special out ing with us and their peers. Provide open-ended activities that children can put their own stamp on.Allow the children free flow play where they can make up their own rules and games by providing different areas for role play and activities. Have independent activities establish around our themed topics in which the children can expand on such as buildings. The children make 3D and 2D Three little pigs houses which is an adult led activity. By allowing them different mediums the children independently made houses by chalking out a town in our outside area, making houses with constructions toys, junk modelling, tents, and building their own using building bricks and homemade cement.Avoid comments that single children out as being different. watch that we listen and talk to the children include them in choices and decision making, ac populateledge their interests and abilities by respecting their backgrounds, experiences and culture. Acknowledge childrens particular strengths and ta lents. run into that you respond to the children in different ways depending on their personalities. We share achievements or talents in special assemblies where the children can show their certificates or their talents to the rest of their peers. bear witness interest in things that the children enjoy doing. By knowing the children really well you can encourage them to try a new way of completing an activity such as if you know a child exchangeables painting try to persuade them to try a different medium like a collage or junk modeling to create a picture. K14 How to balance the needs of individual children with those of the group as a whole. Within the setting daily routines of which the children have to adhere to such as registration and weekly timetable to adhere to.The schools planning process involves grouping the children together by learning ability, style, physical and social groups and the teaching resources and levels are matched and deployed to deliver different styles of teaching to these different groups. K15 The importance of clear communication with children and specific issues that may arise in bilingual and multilingual settings All communication is a two way process and it is paramount when working with children that you listen carefully, question, understand and respond in a positive manner to what is being communicated to you.This will give the children the fundamental skills to take part in family life, school, employment and social activities. Within the setting we provide opportunities for the children to development their communication and oral communication skills by different activities It is important to give children clear communication and sufficient time to express themselves. Showing our apprehensiveness and respect. Giving children confidence and self esteem. Encouraging independence. Children can express their feelings and views. Encourages socialising skills. Gives children choice.Showing we understand their needs. Develo ps their language and communication skills. Also within our setting we have several children who are bilingual and multilingual with two or more languages these children have extra weekly support from our EAL co-ordinator. With these children we also ensure that we give clear and graspable instructions and in some cases use hand gestures or picture clues to help with their understanding. K16 Why it is important for children to ask questions, offer ideas and suggestions and how you can help them do this It makes them feel part of the school.They can have their say. Gives the children a sense of responsibility. Encourages their independence and confidence. They will have a sense of belonging and pride in their school. The childrens views and opinions are being listened to. They will look after the new area or equipment (respect it). Gives the children choices. Builds relationships. Develops their communication and language skills They feel respected and valued. They will explore and experience different activities / environments. Develops their knowledge and understanding of the world.I feel that this is important to include the children in decisions about their environment, activities and learning opportunities because it gives them a sense of responsibility, independence and they will feel respected and valued. We do this by ensuring that the children have time to ask questions in a relaxed and natural way throughout their school day. K17 Why it is important to listen to children? It is important to listen to children so they know that you are interested in what they say and that you care for them.You also get to learn about the child when they are talking to you, for example if you need to help them with their language development or help them in their learning. The children will feel that you are not interested in them. Demonstrates that you are a role model to the children. It builds the childrens self esteem and confidence. It builds on good relationships with the children and other adults. The children feel respected and will be laughing(prenominal) to share suggestions and decisions. Develops the childrens communication and language.Helps the children to learn socialising, negotiation skills and independence. The children may need to disclose a safeguarding incident. It shows that we understand the childrens needs. K18 How to respond to children in a way that shows you value what they have to say and the types of behaviour that could show that you do not value their ideas and feelings. All children respond well to positive reinforcement of expected behaviour boundaries. By just giving general statements such as do not interrupt or well done does not reinforce or teach good values.Also by communicate open questions you can demonstrate that you are listening to the child and or children and giving them time to express their feelings, views and opinions. K19 The importance of being sensitive to communication difficulties with child ren and how to adapt the way you communicate to different situations. Communication difficulties with children hear difficulties or deaf. Poor vision or blind. Ill health. Special educational needs. Physical disability. Poor language skills or English as an additional language. Disruptive child. Speech problems. Cultural Differences and English as an additional language 1.Smile and have friendly facial expressions. 2. Use hand gestures to gain understanding. 3. Use pictures. 4. Show warmth and encouragement. 5. Use culturally relevant learning materials. 6. Group EAL co-ordinator who shares the same home language. 7. Have some key words in their home language. 8. Use translator. 9. Always treat children with respect and as individuals. 10. Ensure that you take into account their cultural differences, their life experiences and the way they prefer to communicate. 11. Respond appropriately to their non-verbal communication. Hearing injury 1. Ensure that you always speak clearly and listen carefully. 2.Remove all distractions. 3. Always check and ensure hearing aids are working. 4. Use written communication if age appropriate. 5. Use sign language if and when appropriate. 6. Use a trained interpreter if a high level of skill is required. 7. Explain things using short, clear sentences and draw or use pictures, as required, to illustrate what you mean. 8. Use physical objects when learning new words or concepts. 9. Ensure the child as your full attention and that you maintain eye contact. optical impairment 1. Use methods of multi-sensory interactions such as touch, sounds and smell. 2. Use different tones of voice with lots of expression.3. Do not rely on non-verbal communication. 4. Use environmental sounds. 5. Develop routines when interacting with the child, such as using their name and touch in a consistent manner. Have clear signals that show the beginning and the end of your exchanges. 6. When explaining an activity or object ensure all visual communicatio n is clear and understandable. Physical and learning Disabilities 1. Use choice and augmentative communication such as hand gestures and eye pointing. 2. Use visual aids such as communication boards or displays, photographs, drawings and symbols to symbolize words or activities.3. Use chat books or photograph album containing photographs, pictures, symbols, words and messages. 4. Use speech generating devices such as communication boards or displays on a machine which speak a message when a particular button is pressed. 5. Use spelling, using an first principle board or typing device to spell out words and messages. 6. Use formal subscribe or signing which is particular to an individual. 7. Use object symbols that include normally objects or small versions of objects which represent an activity, object or person. Such as a set of car keys can represent it is time to go in the car.8. Use a multi-sensory approach when providing information and learning taking into account the five s enses and present information and activities in a different way enhancing learning and involving the children by doing, touching and seeing. 9. Ensure that your surroundings are appropriate and accessible. 10. Judge correct level of understanding. 11. Respond at the correct level repeating information when necessary. 12. Be prepared to live and listen carefully. These children can be supported by Senco. Parents. Children under two by the health visitor. EAL co-ordinator. Other professionalsNurture assistant. In terms of our physical environment we have no children with visual or speech impairments or with physical disabilities within the current foundation stage. So therefore we have no need of changing our different areas to accommodate any of these children. I would ensure that we accommodated these children by ensuring that the environment was spacious and accessible, bringing activities to their level or the floor. I would also use more visual and tactile aids. K20 How you can help the children to understand the value and importance of positive relationships with others.Within our school we encourage the children to develop positive relationships with others by praising good behaviour and following our rules. We act as positive role models such as praising nice manners. I have a rule for example, that if you accidently kick a ball over the fence I will let the children see it if they can ask me with lovely manners. If they dont ask nicely I make them wait and think about what would be a polite way of asking to retrieve the ball, thus lend positive and desired behaviour. K21 The importance of children valuing and respecting other peoples individuality and how you can encourage and support this.Act as a role model showing that you respect others individuality, feelings, views, ideas and cultures. Have positive images and toys, books and dolls within your setting. Have activities that encourage negotiation, sharing and building on relationships. Demonstrat e positive behaviour. Have activities which encourage the children to talk to, listen and find out about others. K22 Why it is important for children to understand and respect other peoples feelings and how you can encourage and support this. Stops the childrens frustration. The children will feel that their feelings are being viewed.Encourages empathy and social skills. Encourages and promotes positive and expected behaviour. Builds relationships. Develops the childrens communication and language. Develops personal, social and emotional skills. Develops the childrens knowledge and understanding of the world. K23 Why it is important to be consistent and fair in dealing with positive and forbid behaviour. be consistent and fair the children will understand right and wrong. The children will understand expected behaviour boundaries and rules. The children will understand consequences. The children will understand that you are not showing favouritism.The children will understand what is acceptable and what is not. Within my setting we reward positive behaviour with praise and other recognition such as house points and stickers. This is done in the presence of the childs peers to encourage and reinforce positive and desired behaviour. With negative behaviour, if safe to do so we give no attention as it is often a play by the child for your attention. However, some unsafe and disruptive behaviour must be addressed direct in a consistent and fair manner. K24 Strategies you can use to encourage and reinforce positive demeanor Children may have negative behaviour due to1. Lack of sleep. 2. Feeling unwell. 3. Problems at home. 4. Sibling rivalry. 5. tautness at home. 6. Some children do not know how to play with others. 7. Bored and frustrated. 8. Lack confidence in socialising with others. We acknowledge positive behaviour and give reasons behind any boundaries such as we crack in school because we might fall over and hurt ourselves or others. We are consistent and fair by rewarding praise, house points and stickers for following the rules. We control negative behaviour by reinforcing and reminding the children of our rules.K25 Strategies you can use to challenge and deal with different types of behaviour which are consistent with your organisations policies The school policy aims and expectations are that every member of the school community feels valued and respected and that each person is treated fairly and well. The schools policy encourages and promotes good relationships and that we work together to help everyone learn. We also aim to help the children grow in a safe and secure environment and for them to become positive, responsible and more and more independent members of the school community.The schools main ethos is to reward good behaviour as it believes that this will develop an environment of kindness and co-operation. The school employs sanctions to negative behaviour which are appropriate to each individual child, taking i nto consideration each childs needs and the issue. The role of members of staff are to ensure that the rules are enforced in their class, that each individual child is treated fairly and consistently, to monitor recurrent incidents and to seek advice from appropriate leadership team if necessary.We also use behaviour observations to help us understand the needs of the individual child such as requiring extra support from key worker, SENCO, EAL Co-ordinator, Management or other professionals. We also use different strategies and resources such as SEAL (Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning) to help individual children with their behaviour. K27 Why it is important to encourage and support positive relationships between children and other adults in the setting and strategies you can use to do this It demonstrates that you are showing respect and sensitively.Promotes good and positive behaviour. Act as a role model for the children. Promotes good communication in a caring and clear way. It promotes good manners. The children feel that they are listened too and that you value what they have to say. It creates a positive atmosphere and environment where the children feel welcome and valued. Promotes a friendly, consistent environment where the children will feel their views are worthwhile. Ensure that you always give reasons and take time to explain your thoughts and actions.The main strategies that we use in the school are we work very near in a team in the Foundation Area we have a consistent approach with dealing with the childrens behavioural issues. We encourage the children to interact and build on relationships with all of us by acting as role models and by reinforcing our key rules. We also spend time with all the children crossways both classrooms in teaching and delivering our planned activities each week including taking phonics sessions, guided reading sessions, show and tell, PE and music, key person story time and supervision of the outside area .We have effective communication across the team to enable us all to keep up to date with any issues such as medical conditions, negative behaviour incidents, records of ongoing assessments / observations, developmental progress and achievements of the children in our care. K28 Why positive relationships with other adults are important. As a practitioner it is important that you maintain and have positive relationships with all adults that you come in contact with to support and develop the children in your care to grow into secure, confident and happy people.Having collaborationism and support from parents, colleagues and other professionals will enable you to develop strong relationships which will enhance and benefit the children by demonstrating positive and desired behaviour. The children will cope better with transitions from home to school, to new classroom, to new staff and or support from other professionals. K29 Why it is important to show respect for other adults individ uality and how to do so ? Its important to respect other