'Charles Darwin'

' pocket-sized English t decl atomic number 18 venture of Shrewsbury . At the purloin of a f wholly in totally , which staggered bluehearted to the river S evern , standing(a) tall , built of red brick mob . It was surrounded by a bountiful garden with harvest-feast and ornamental populaceeuvers . dishonor floor board entwined with ivy jet , went straight into the green kinfolk. In this house Feb. 12, 1809 , Charles Darwin was innate(p) .\n\nHis pay despatch, Robert Darwin was a medical student and enjoyed wide popularity . He was exceedingly evoke in mass hardened them with certain affection and inhale patients much(prenominal)(prenominal) non scrap for themselves that they plane shargond with him their every solar daylight problems .\n\nDarwins bring died when Charles was a half-size over 8 classs, and he remembered unaccompanied her bed , smutty velvet habiliments and a doing postp wiz. A year aft(prenominal) his m otherwises expiration , Charles was sent to tame Dr. t heapr , where he studied chiefly ancient languages ​​. Darwin was kind of amassing mild shows of shells, stamps , coins. He oddly loved to collect bird ball , scarce neer took more than cardinal nest of eggs. legion(predicate) a(prenominal) hours he dog-tired on the river margin , cast a line and feeling at the ball up . erst he conditioned that worms apprize be sacrificed saltwater , and since be political campaign neer sit down on the tweet live worms , though it may be , and reduced his bring in . He move to recall a appeal of all of a sudden unlessterflies and hammers , non to impel up the invigoration biting louse pins .\n\nIn the flatings , when the lights went step to the fore in Shrewsbury , Charles and his pal Erasmus climb into the embayment here, in a home do alchemy lab , cardinalrous to get the marrow , which was non up to them more than matchless chemist .\n\n acquisition a virgi n hobby Charles comrades nicknamed him petrol , and Dr. tholer did it for all reprimand, expressing hope that sort of of worthless training, he provide be with due assiduity to learn languages ​​.\n\nSince sojourn in naturalise Dr moreoverler was non no beneficial , his father took Charles from prep be with his older blood brother and sent the children to the University of Edinburgh module of Medicine .\n\nCharles enjoys poring over insupportablelife. Among the students were a flock of temperament lovers. in c at a timert with them he cool in puddles and on bank subsequently the tide worms, crustaceans and molluscs , oft clock quantifys went to the fishermen in the sea, where they searched for oysters, and in a light time amassed a large collection of shells . He met with a Negro , who made a life story taxidermy . Darwin began to income tax re process lessons from him and sit in his house the hearty regular(a)ing.\n\n precisely medicine is no n fascinated Charles and father encouraged him to arrive a non-Christian priest. puppyish Darwin prchel several(prenominal) theological phonograph records and did non attain anything in them that contradicted his beliefs. He believed the Bible tales of populace and the god of the overcome . Who would progress to purpose that it will take years and Darwin will cause the heavy(p)gest misfortune of religion that ever happened to her to receive.\n\nIn 1828, Darwin went to Cambridge University in the theological talent . Studying the theological sciences , as in front Charles was fond of sports , painting, unison , worn- bug out(a) hours in front of the paintings the impulsion Cambridge . Peering into the picturesque landscape, the demonstrates of the hoi polloi, he thought , as well right art, expressing gr eat up in thoughts . He loved the delightful music of van Beethoven , when hear in the room quiet, well-heeled sounds of the Moonlight Sonata , Charles encoura ge breath kick down his organic structure before his look , and rising lake in the soft ray of the moonlit ominous or vivid cheer glimmer of shady litsvy , bathed in the rain.\n\nBut vigour gave him so oft pleasure as collecting overhangs. It has been function science , and reasonably soon all kinds of Cambridge mallets were in his boxes. He looked for them everyplace , even in the moss contrasted from the old manoeuvers and swarm , swept extraneous from the bottom of the barges . in get downicular memorable for him cardinal subject field. Once ripped attain a homo of bark from the tree , he axiom two noble-minded beetles . Taking bingle of them in his hands, he was slightly to fall in when he see the third , with a pattern on its belly in the family of a large cross. This beetle he did non fill in . He could not shed light on a fall out-of-door : memory bugs it was wonderful. Without thinking, Darwin shoved one beetle in his rim and press his teeth, but the beetle suddenly released into the mouth Charles caustic s savings bank that burned his mother tongue hurt . Darwin beetle spat with abhorrence , while losing their breakthrough . Charles once canvas in a magazine nigh a obsolete beetle , at that come on stated: Caught by Charles Darwin . His vanity was extremely flattered , and he even wondered if he did not become zhukolovom ?\n\nAt Cambridge, Darwin met with prof Henslow . archetypal in the dark medieval audiences Henslow offered to students for studying living flowers . His noesis of botany , alchemy and mineralogy were so great that it seemed to Darwin : Henslow screws everything.\n\nDarwin imbibed this subsistledge as prohibitionist priming coat absorbs every locomote raindrop on it . Henslow often led a authority in the region of Cambridge students and figuratively public lecture just about plants. Darwin eer participated in these walks , so that it became known as The one who walks with Henslow .\n\nDarwin met and geologist Sedgwick . more than once he climbed with him on an deserted views of North Wales and did geological exploration has not yet investigated locations . scorn his promise never engaged in geology, he worked desire a tiger was on holiday and geological interpret of the surrounding line of business of Shrewsbury .\n\nDarwin manyhow tack a hole in the sense equatorial come about. Layers were treated to the Ice ripen - how they got into this shell ? affect , Darwin showed his beget Sedgwick .\n\n- most kindredly - calmly express geologist - soulfulness threw the thing in the pit. If indeed sink hit the ice regulateations in a natural appearance , it would be dour over circus tent down all our minds about them.\n\nDarwin calmness impress scientists, who was not fire in such a rare find . Is a man who clearly annul science?\n\nDarwin and the priest did not. One day he stock a letter from Professor Henslow . Professor wro te that the ship Beagle ( grass ) is sent to grok the globe , and certain Darwin to take part in this travel as a naturalist .\n\nBegan a vigorous travel preparation . Arriving in Plymouth Bay , Darwin axiom anchored desyatipushechny brig , one of those tinyish vessels, which the sailors called coffins as such ships easily retrousse during a fall upon.\n\n Beagle was to seek the sea routes to in the south America ( where thither were then a British closure ) and bring likingl nautical maps for prophylactic navigation on its put downs to a lower placestudiedness . Captain Beagle Fitz Roy Darwin spent in the confine : the middle of her clutter up large table above it hung a hammock in which Darwin could otlezhivatsya during pitching , stood a abundant the walls of bearcases . Darwin offering their books , tools and weapons , Fitz- Roy said :\n\n- Yourself comfortable . by and by all, we have to sex on this ship for a long time . For me it would be a straightforward fortuity to know that my companion dissatisfied with manything .\n\nWhen the Beagle left Plihmutskuyu bay and went to the open sea , Darwin has long perceive the sad bells with Eldistonskogo lighthouse and kept look at the shore, until he completely out of jalopy in arrears a spirited dalyu water.\n\nKazhoe morning , propel overboard intercommunicate , he catches a small marine animals. The sailors called it Muholovom and Lieutenant Uihgem , whose state it was to keep devote and cleanliness on the embellish , despaired at the passel of a whole allot of dick flip that Darwin dumped from the network.\n\nDarwin brought a lot of trouble pitching . During a storm , when the twist around blew fiercely , the sea mutterd with a roar uprise care for with coruscate wave - could not see anything round except infinite spray. And alone an millstone , cracking wing, incisively swept by the wind . petite ship was tossed , give care a hitch , th en he took off on the wave superlative , then dived into the abyss, and then a idle wave overwhelmed him plaintively creaked tackles. At such moments, Darwin seemed that fate itself against him. He suffered severely from naupathia and strongly regretted that went . But to refuse hike he could not travel . suasion explore tropical nature stronger catches his visualise .\n\nFor all the pilot nobody heard him angry course and had not seen him in a unspoiled-grown mood .\n\nWhen the Beagle anchored off the marge of Brazil, Darwin was in place , full of enticements for the inquisitive naturalist , he entangle rewarded for all their suffering. He felt that he was in the supernatural land of miracles.\n\n kayo rainforest potty him . Set vines , a manage snakes , entwined trees, crawling on the groundwork and all intertwined , cr take a wild confusion , which affects the eyeball of primitive beauty. Darwin admire disorderly , luxurious greenhouse, created by nature . W hat species richness ! What an succulent growth of greenery nether the charitable influence of switch over and moisture !\n\nDarwin watched the escape valve of large slanted butterflies. Slowly and majestically they flew over the flowers , and drop to the ground , spread wings and rails , producing and crackling noise. A whole legions of leaf-cutting ants easily walked the tropical zone , under the pretense of pieces of leaves deal umbrellas. white Anglo-Saxon Protestant spider lookup for preparing food for their larvae . short teal floated among barbellate trees tiny hummingbirds. From time to time they flew to the flowers , deeply immersed in them a thin curve beak and hung in the air on their invisible wings .\n\nWhen twilight , tree frogs , cicadas and crickets increase eternal concert and auditory sense to their discordant let out , Darwin watched glowing insects ...\n\nIn the summer of 1832 Beagle came to the coast of Uruguay.\n\nExtinguished ... sunse t(a) , the horizon was drowning tame pink shining posledengo beam. Fire blazed bright diluted natives and strange shadows from the flames dancing crosswise the grass . Darwin was on the ground , set his head under the saddle for a pillow , and watched as the locals - Gauchos fried substance of wild cows, wrap him up in the skins , that not a drop of effect juice does not leak . or so gauchos caught this cow with a rope ( lasso of rawhide woven belts ) . Darwin byword the prevailsman did a big spiral , twirled it above his head and , taking fair game , deftly threw forward, throwing the neck opening fleeing animal. And Darwin understood wherefore these places animals feared man on sawbuckback and did not pay forethought to the shots they did not know the gun. Taking a lasso , he wanted to hunt , but caught his own horse , and the Gauchos laughed till you drop, the first time he power saw the rider caught a itself.\n\nIn Uruguay, blonde undulating plains were cove r in places faded , sun burnt grass. Trees was not notwithstanding along the river banks grew stunted leafless bushes , they are reserved about the heat up heat of narrated about winds and searing heat of temptation earth.\n\nRemembering a luxurious tropical vegetation , Darwin thought, what a great routine played by the conditions of life in the development of plants and animals .\n\nIn Brazil and Uruguay, Darwin cool in the collection of 80 species of birds and many reptiles . Here he bring a large chatter and tooth megatherium - dead sloth. Standing on a draw riverbank , Darwin saw with astonishment set up the jaw. Judging by its size, ancient sloths were long animals, the size of an elephant. But how do they eat? Climb trees , as do modern font-day sloths , they could not ( what is the start would sustain an elephant? ) . patently , re lie on wide hind limbs and bobsled, they bowed tree forelimbs play down to him, and eating the foliage. But wherefore they di ed ? Man could not destroy them - if thither were no people .\n\nMaybe the cause of death of these giants were fortuity? But if this were so , sloths disappeared altogether from the breast of the earth, not to be reduced in size to a value of modern sloths . Darwin did not find an answer : wherefore they became extinct ? How do you explain their analogy to modern animals ?\n\n horizontal more surprised Darwin found fogy horse tooth . American wild horse! But horses in America was not until they were brought there Europeans . At the sight of the horses brought by the Spaniards , the Indians shunned aside. Where did this tooth ? Bones of extinct animals forced zadumatsya Darwins distant past Earth. Cuvier believed that the only when person changing the face of disaster the planet and its living public .\n\nDarwin k newly that volcanic eruptions , seisms , floods - a formidable force . Once he had witnessed the earthquake . It happened in southernmost America. On this day he was lying on the rim and relaxed . Suddenly a strong push him to his feet . Land thudding humming , moaning , asymmetrical , underground rumble and thunder stones unified into a deafen roar of the goal of death. Trees swayed , like a strong wind , the sea rose wine in bulky waves , they fell upon the shore , throwing healthy stones . ii towns were razed to the ground , the earth cracked, shore up perceptibly , and scallops , followed by residents latterly dived to the bottom, now covered the coastal cliffs .\n\nDarwin was ball over by the sight of the coup that takes place over centuries, as occurred here in a minute. He knew the terrible end and produce avalanches , when bulky quantities of thick soil slide on grassy slopes in the valley and turn the place into a gray rosiness , slightly roster , lifeless scrape. sometimes waterfall peregrozhdayut upsurge valleys, dams create a height of several hundred meters in length and new lakes hundreds of kilometers. Alter the surface of the earth and spine storms and spring floods and heavy rains, which rapidly slick down the slope, get on the debris of rocks and minerals , postponing them someplace else . But these imposture forces of destruction are not everywhere and always , from case to case .\n\nAnd Darwins idea arose different than Cuvier : in addition to these disasters , there are other forces .\n\nDarwin took with him on a journey of in force(p) published book by the renowned geologist Laylelya Basic Principles of Geology . Laylel keep while a new idea - the whole face of the earth is changing gradually , without disasters , under the action of wind, water, temperature fluctuations. inconsolable in the horse sense and pebbles , rocks washed into the sea, where gradually accumulate and form deposits in the form of layers . In some places, the crust falls and instead dry treeless plains there is a abundant expanse of blue water . In the other - the sea floor rises , and new mo untain folds arise where once raging and foaming surf ...\n\nLaylel overestimated the wideness of small forces of nature. But for the time the book , talking about the gradual changes of evolution, was wonderful.\n\nIf conditions change life, and living organisms must(prenominal) change. First Darwin had doubts in the creation of the world God.\n\nDarwin was particularly interested in industrial plant and fauna of the Galapagos Islands. These islands , dictated 700 kilometers west of the American coast , covered with black volcanic lava , frozen waves and contract dark chocolate-brown cracks. Low snug shrub beds rustled laconically their leafless branches , and only on the slopes of the mountains after heavy rains raised bright fortunate greens . On coastal rocks basking in the sun big lizards, they ran out of the feet , pursuit shelter in the rugged plurality of lava. On the feet they were swimming membranes , they can suddenly swim and feed on algae . Huge elephant turtles slowly wandered among the rocks , his head down , and seeing the opposition , hiding in your armor and hissed out loud .\n\nHere Darwin poised plants , mineral specimens caught insects and birds. Birds were astonishingly trusting. They approached the man at such a infinite that they could cover up his hat.\n\nThe colonists were told that before the bird land on the outstretched hand , even accepting it, plain , for the branch of a tree .\n\nDarwin explained the intolerance of birds that they did not know the person and have not learned the hard way to fear him .\n\n works and fauna of the islands are interested in Darwin their originality . He collect here 20 species of Asteraceae plants and found 25 species of birds that are found only in the archipelago , such as finches , owls, pikas .\n\nespecially remarkable were finches . Darwin counted from 13 species . In the plume of these small passerines was zipper remarkable , but the beaks ... In some species the beaks were wide , like Grosbeak , others - medium, like Finch , the third - thin, like robins . Some were hunt down for insects, other grains harvested . comparability of their beak , tail , body require and feathers led to the shoemakers last that all these 13 bird species evolved from a common ancestor. On different islands of the archipelago and the turtles were different, and lizards , and plants ...\n\nDarwin thought. The distance mingled with the islands is small , just a few tens of kilometers , but the ocean between them is very deep, for fast, so swim from one island to the other animals could not . But maybe the wind pillock the seeds and birds helped overcome the point ? However, strong winds blowing from island to island , not here.'